The Rottweiler Chronicle - Veterinary Health

CVM Canine Brain Tumor Clinical Trials	Science of Vaccine Damage
New Dog Vaccine for H3N8 Flu	Increased Scrutiny of Flea and Tick Control Products for Pets - outside link
Position Statement on the Use of Dominance Theory in Behavior Modification of Animals (pdf)	Oral Masses/Ulcers
Detailed Facts About Enzymes	Dogs and the Immune System
Diets for Special Health Needs	Acupressure 101
Teething Time!	Canine Pain Management
No Dairy for Doggies	Choosing the Right Multivitamin for Your Dog
Managing Fleas Without Poisons	Cutting Edge Procedure Hailed as Arthritis Cure for Dogs
Web program on canine cancer	Pet sterilization laws raise health concerns
Deadly dog illness hits for just 3rd time	Pet Food: The Lowdown on Labels
Dog Acupressure	Vaccination NEWSFLASH
CANINE RABIES CHALLENGE STUDIES BEGIN	How Often Does He REALLY Need a Rabies Shot?
U.S. Free of Canine Rabies Virus	Canine Influenza
The Importance of Canine Massage	Understanding Elbow Dysplasia
Canine Vaccine Survey	Minty Solution to Tick Problems?
Weaning and Raising Puppies On a Raw Diet	Type of Cancer in Dogs Is Contagious
Bailey’s Skin Rescue	Fats and Fatty Acids in the Diet
Innovative Treatment Program for Canine Cancer	Why Does My Pet Eat Grass?

CVM Canine Brain Tumor Clinical Trials
Clinical trials open to dogs with brain tumors
By Fran Howard

College of Veterinary Medicine
The University of Minnesota

Batman, the first patient to undergo a breakthrough experimental treatment for brain cancer in dogs, has become a poster dog for the revolutionary protocol. The pointy, black ears of the 10-year-old German shepherd mix gave the cancer-surviving superhero his name, but his doctors gave him back his life. Without treatment, Batman was not expected to survive past Halloween 2008. Given the circumstances, one wonders whether Batman’s doctors, John Ohlfest, Ph.D., and G. Elizabeth Pluhar, D.V.M., Ph.D., aren’t the true superheroes.

The University’s dynamic duo developed a combination treatment plan for dogs with glioma, a very aggressive and
relatively common form of brain cancer. The treatment, which is now available to other dogs with brain cancer,
dramatically extended Batman’s life. The three-pronged treatment approach consists of first surgically removing the tumor,
then treating the surgical site with a form of gene therapy to attract immune cells that will recognize and destroy remaining
tumor cells, and finally administering an anti-cancer vaccine made from the dog’s own cancer cells to prevent tumor
recurrence.

Now nearly a year after Pluhar, a veterinary surgeon at the Veterinary Medical Center, and Ohlfest, head of the
neurosurgery gene therapy program at the Masonic Cancer Center, gave Batman his initial treatment, the celebrated dog is
still enjoying life. The neurological deficits that led to his diagnosis have been almost eliminated. “We documented an
anti-tumor immune response that has correlated to control of the tumor,” says Ohlfest. In other words, the treatment
appears to have worked, and the implications could be far-reaching.

“There is the potential for this type of therapy to be used on nearly any type of systemic cancer in dogs, not just brain
cancer, because the immune response covers the entire body,” says Pluhar. “I’m hopeful this therapy may in time be used
for other types of systemic cancer in dogs.”

Through the help of grants from government agencies and private foundations, Ohlfest and Pluhar have since treated four
other dogs for similar tumors. The second dog to receive treatment exhibited an impressive tumor regression following six
vaccinations, and Ohlfest and Pluhar are optimistic that the other dogs will show similar responses.

Canine brain cancer therapy has been organized within the canine brain tumor clinical trials program. The treatment team
already has funding to treat up to 50 dogs. That number could soon exceed 100, though, if additional grants and charitable
donations come through.

The area of medicine in which Ohlfest and Pluhar work is called comparative oncology. They use what they learn in
veterinary medicine to help humans, and they extrapolate what they can from human medicine to help pet animals. Batman
is an excellent case in point.

Ohlfest’s work in gene and immune therapy led to a first generation anti-cancer vaccine to be used in a human clinical trial.
However, the early vaccine was expensive and difficult to produce. He subsequently used that vaccine to develop a more
potent and less expensive vaccine for dogs.

Now it’s Batman’s turn to return the favor. “I would be very disappointed if we couldn’t write a protocol for humans within
a year from what we have learned from our work with dogs,” says Ohlfest. “This is first and foremost a new therapy for
dogs, but at the same time, it will be more predictive of what might happen in people than any other form of research.”

The cost of therapy for one dog can range between $10,000 and $20,000. However, dogs with tumors that originate in the
brain may be eligible for the canine brain tumor clinical trials program. The program will cover the vast majority of the cost
of treatment including surgery and supportive care while the dog remains enrolled in the trial.

To learn more about the trials online at or to enroll a dog in a trial, call Kelly Noyes, Small Animal Surgery case manager at 612-624-7441 to schedule an appointment with Dr. Pluhar or visit our Web site at www.cvm.umn.edu.

To donate to the research effort, click here and select “new gift” then designate the gift is for the “CVM canine brain
tumor clinical trials” effort.

Or you can contact Sharon Staton, director of advancement, at 612-624-1247, or e-mail her at stato001@umn.edu.

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Science of Vaccine Damage
by Catherine O' Driscoll

A team at Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine conducted several studies (1,2) to determine if vaccines can cause changes in the immune system of dogs that might lead to life-threatening immune-mediated diseases. They obviously conducted this research because concern already existed. It was sponsored by the Haywood Foundation which itself was looking for evidence that such changes in the human immune system might also be vaccine induced. It found the evidence.

The vaccinated, but not the non-vaccinated, dogs in the Purdue studies developed autoantibodies to many of their own biochemicals, including fibronectin, laminin, DNA, albumin, cytochrome C, cardiolipin and collagen.

This means that the vaccinated dogs -- ”but not the non-vaccinated dogs”-- were attacking their own fibronectin, which is involved in tissue repair, cell multiplication and growth, and differentiation between tissues and organs in a living organism.

The vaccinated Purdue dogs also developed autoantibodies to laminin, which is involved in many cellular activities including the adhesion, spreading, differentiation, proliferation and movement of cells. Vaccines thus appear to be capable of removing the natural intelligence of cells.

Autoantibodies to cardiolipin are frequently found in patients with the serious disease systemic lupus erythematosus and also in individuals with other autoimmune diseases. The presence of elevated anti-cardiolipin antibodies is significantly associated with clots within the heart or blood vessels, in poor blood clotting, haemorrhage, bleeding into the skin, foetal loss and neurological conditions.

The Purdue studies also found that vaccinated dogs were developing autoantibodies to their own collagen. About one quarter of all the protein in the body is collagen. Collagen provides structure to our bodies, protecting and supporting the softer tissues and connecting them with the skeleton. It is no wonder that Canine Health Concern's 1997 study of 4,000 dogs showed a high number of dogs developing mobility problems shortly after they were vaccinated (noted in my 1997 book, What Vets Don't Tell You About Vaccines).

Perhaps most worryingly, the Purdue studies found that the vaccinated dogs had developed autoantibodies to their own DNA. Did the alarm bells sound? Did the scientific community call a halt to the vaccination program? No. Instead, they stuck their fingers in the air, saying more research is needed to ascertain whether vaccines can cause genetic damage. Meanwhile, the study dogs were found good homes, but no long-term follow-up has been conducted. At around the same time, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force initiated several studies to find out why 160,000 cats each year in the USA develop terminal cancer at their vaccine injection sites.(3) The fact that cats can get vaccine-induced cancer has been acknowledged by veterinary bodies around the world, and even the British Government acknowledged it through its Working Group charged with the task of looking into canine and feline vaccines(4) following pressure from Canine Health Concern. What do you imagine was the advice of the AVMA Task Force, veterinary bodies and governments? "Carry on vaccinating until we find out why vaccines are killing cats, and which cats are most likely to die."

In America, in an attempt to mitigate the problem, they're vaccinating cats in the tail or leg so they can amputate when cancer appears. Great advice if it's not your cat amongst the hundreds of thousands on the "oops" list.

But other species are okay - right? Wrong. In August 2003, the Journal of Veterinary Medicine carried an Italian study which showed that dogs also develop vaccine-induced cancers at their injection sites.(5) We already know that vaccine-site cancer is a possible sequel to human vaccines, too, since the Salk polio vaccine was said to carry a monkey retrovirus (from cultivating the vaccine on monkey organs) that produces inheritable cancer. The monkey retrovirus SV40 keeps turning up in human cancer sites.

It is also widely acknowledged that vaccines can cause a fast-acting, usually fatal, disease called autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Without treatment, and frequently with treatment, individuals can die in agony within a matter of days. Merck, itself a multinational vaccine manufacturer, states in The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy that autoimmune haemolytic anaemia may be caused by modified live-virus vaccines, as do Tizard's Veterinary Immunology (4th edition) and the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.(6) The British Government's Working Group, despite being staffed by vaccine-industry consultants who say they are independent, also acknowledged this fact. However, no one warns the pet owners before their animals are subjected to an unnecessary booster, and very few owners are told why after their pets die of AIHA.

A Wide Range of Vaccine-induced Diseases
We also found some worrying correlations between vaccine events and the onset of arthritis in our 1997 survey. Our concerns were compounded by research in the human field.

The New England Journal of Medicine, for example, reported that it is possible to isolate the rubella virus from affected joints in children vaccinated against rubella. It also told of the isolation of viruses from the peripheral blood of women with prolonged arthritis following vaccination.(7)

Then, in 2000, CHC's findings were confirmed by research which showed that polyarthritis and other diseases like amyloidosis, which affects organs in dogs, were linked to the combined vaccine given to dogs.(8) There is a huge body of research, despite the paucity of funding from the vaccine industry, to confirm that vaccines can cause a wide range of brain and central nervous system damage. Merck itself states in its Manual that vaccines (i.e., its own products) can cause encephalitis: brain inflammation/damage. In some cases, encephalitis involves lesions in the brain and throughout the central nervous system. Merck states that "examples are the encephalitides following measles, chickenpox, rubella, smallpox vaccination, vaccinia, and many other less well defined viral infections".

When the dog owners who took part in the CHC survey reported that their dogs developed short attention spans, 73.1% of the dogs did so within three months of a vaccine event. The same percentage of dogs was diagnosed with epilepsy within three months of a shot (but usually within days). We also found that 72.5% of dogs that were considered by their owners to be nervous and of a worrying disposition, first exhibited these traits within the three-month post-vaccination period.

I would like to add for the sake of Oliver, my friend who suffered from paralysed rear legs and death shortly after a vaccine shot, that "paresis" is listed in Merck's Manual as a symptom of encephalitis. This is defined as muscular weakness of a neural (brain) origin which involves partial or incomplete paralysis, resulting from lesions at any level of the descending pathway from the brain. Hind limb paralysis is one of the potential consequences. Encephalitis, incidentally, is a disease that can manifest across the scale from mild to severe and can also cause sudden death.

Organ failure must also be suspected when it occurs shortly after a vaccine event. Dr Larry Glickman, who spearheaded the Purdue research into post-vaccination biochemical changes in dogs, wrote in a letter to Cavalier Spaniel breeder Bet Hargreaves:

"Our ongoing studies of dogs show that following routine vaccination, there is a significant rise in the level of antibodies dogs produce against their own tissues. Some of these antibodies have been shown to target the thyroid gland, connective tissue such as that found in the valves of the heart, red blood cells, DNA, etc. I do believe that the heart conditions in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels could be the end result of repeated immunizations by vaccines containing tissue culture contaminants that cause a progressive immune response directed at connective tissue in the heart valves. The clinical manifestations would be more pronounced in dogs that have a genetic predisposition [although] the findings should be generally applicable to all dogs regardless of their breed."

I must mention here that Dr Glickman believes that vaccines are a necessary evil, but that safer vaccines need to be developed.

Meanwhile, please join the queue to place your dog, cat, horse and child on the Russian roulette wheel because a scientist says you should.

Vaccines Stimulate an Inflammatory Response
The word "allergy" is synonymous with "sensitivity" and "inflammation". It should, by rights, also be synonymous with the word "vaccination". This is what vaccines do: they sensitise (render allergic) an individual in the process of forcing them to develop antibodies to fight a disease threat. In other words, as is acknowledged and accepted, as part of the vaccine process the body will respond with inflammation. This may be apparently temporary or it may be longstanding.

Holistic doctors and veterinarians have known this for at least 100 years. They talk about a wide range of inflammatory or "-itis" diseases which arise shortly after a vaccine event. Vaccines, in fact, plunge many individuals into an allergic state. Again, this is a disorder that ranges from mild all the way through to the suddenly fatal. Anaphylactic shock is the culmination: it's where an individual has a massive allergic reaction to a vaccine and will die within minutes if adrenaline or its equivalent is not administered.

There are some individuals who are genetically not well placed to withstand the vaccine challenge. These are the people (and animals are "people", too) who have inherited faulty B and T cell function. B and T cells are components within the immune system which identify foreign invaders and destroy them, and hold the invader in memory so that they cannot cause future harm. However, where inflammatory responses are concerned, the immune system overreacts and causes unwanted effects such as allergies and other inflammatory conditions.

Merck warns in its Manual that patients with, or from families with, B and/or T cell immunodeficiencies should not receive live-virus vaccines due to the risk of severe or fatal infection. Elsewhere, it lists features of B and T cell immunodeficiencies as food allergies, inhalant allergies, eczema, dermatitis, neurological deterioration and heart disease. To translate, people with these conditions can die if they receive live-virus vaccines. Their immune systems are simply not competent enough to guarantee a healthy reaction to the viral assault from modified live-virus vaccines.

Modified live-virus (MLV) vaccines replicate in the patient until an immune response is provoked. If a defense isn't stimulated, then the vaccine continues to replicate until it gives the patient the very disease it was intending to prevent.

Alternatively, a deranged immune response will lead to inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, pancreatitis, colitis, encephalitis and any number of autoimmune diseases such as cancer and leukemia, where the body attacks its own cells.

A new theory, stumbled upon by Open University student Gary Smith, explains what holistic practitioners have been saying for a very long time. Here is what a few of the holistic vets have said in relation to their patients:

Dr Jean Dodds: "Many veterinarians trace the present problems with allergic and immunologic diseases to the introduction of MLV vaccines..." (9)

Christina Chambreau, DVM: "Routine vaccinations are probably the worst thing that we do for our animals. They cause all types of illnesses, but not directly to where we would relate them definitely to be caused by the vaccine." (10)

Martin Goldstein, DVM: "I think that vaccines...are leading killers of dogs and cats in America today."

Dr Charles E. Loops, DVM: "Homoeopathic veterinarians and other holistic practitioners have maintained for some time that vaccinations do more harm than they provide benefits." (12)

Mike Kohn, DVM: "In response to this [vaccine] violation, there have been increased autoimmune diseases (allergies being one component), epilepsy, neoplasia [tumours], as well as behavioural problems in small animals." (13)

A Theory on Inflammation
Gary Smith explains what observant healthcare practitioners have been saying for a very long time, but perhaps they've not understood why their observations led them to say it. His theory, incidentally, is causing a huge stir within the inner scientific sanctum. Some believe that his theory could lead to a cure for many diseases including cancer. For me, it explains why the vaccine process is inherently questionable.

Gary was learning about inflammation as part of his studies when he struck upon a theory so extraordinary that it could have implications for the treatment of almost every inflammatory disease -- including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, rheumatoid arthritis and even HIV and AIDS.

Gary's theory questions the received wisdom that when a person gets ill, the inflammation that occurs around the infected area helps it to heal. He claims that, in reality, inflammation prevents the body from recognizing a foreign substance and therefore serves as a hiding place for invaders. The inflammation occurs when at-risk cells produce receptors called All (known as angiotensin II type I receptors). He says that while At1 has a balancing receptor, At2, which is supposed to switch off the inflammation, in most diseases this does not happen.

"Cancer has been described as the wound that never heals," he says. "All successful cancers are surrounded by inflammation. Commonly this is thought to be the body's reaction to try to fight the cancer, but this is not the case.

"The inflammation is not the body trying to fight the infection. It is actually the virus or bacteria deliberately causing inflammation in order to hide from the immune system [author's emphasis]." (14)

If Gary is right, then the inflammatory process so commonly stimulated by vaccines is not, as hitherto assumed, a necessarily acceptable sign. Instead, it could be a sign that the viral or bacterial component, or the adjuvant (which, containing foreign protein, is seen as an invader by the immune system), in the vaccine is winning by stealth.

If Gary is correct in believing that the inflammatory response is not protective but a sign that invasion is taking place under cover of darkness, vaccines are certainly not the friends we thought they were. They are undercover assassins working on behalf of the enemy, and vets and medical doctors are unwittingly acting as collaborators. Worse, we animal guardians and parents are actually paying doctors and vets to unwittingly betray our loved ones.

Potentially, vaccines are the stealth bomb of the medical world. They are used to catapult invaders inside the castle walls where they can wreak havoc, with none of us any the wiser. So rather than experiencing frank viral diseases such as the 'flu, measles, mumps and rubella (and, in the case of dogs, parvovirus and distemper), we are allowing the viruses to win anyway - but with cancer, leukemia and other inflammatory or autoimmune (self-attacking) diseases taking their place.

The Final Insult
All 27 veterinary schools in North America have changed their protocols for vaccinating dogs and cats along the following lines; (15) however, vets in practice are reluctant to listen to these changed protocols and official veterinary bodies in the UK and other countries are ignoring the following facts.

Dogs' and cats' immune systems mature fully at six months. If modified live-virus vaccine is giver after six months of age, it produces immunity, which is good for the life of the pet. If another MLV vaccine is given a year later, the antibodies from the first vaccine neutralize the antigens of the second vaccine and there is little or no effect. The litre is no "boosted", nor are more memory cells induced.

Not only are annual boosters unnecessary, but they subject the pet to potential risks such as allergic reactions and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.

In plain language, veterinary schools in America, plus the American Veterinary Medical Association, have looked at studies to show how long vaccines last and they have concluded and announced that annual vaccination is unnecessary.(16-19)

Further, they have acknowledged that vaccines are not without harm. Dr Ron Schultz, head of pathobiology at Wisconsin University and a leading light in this field, has been saying this politely to his veterinary colleagues since the 1980s. I've been saying it for the past 12 years. But change is so long in coming and, in the meantime, hundreds of thousands of animals are dying every year - unnecessarily.

The good news is that thousands of animal lovers (but not enough) have heard what we've been saying. Canine Health Concern members around the world use real food as Nature's supreme disease preventative, eschewing processed pet food, and minimize the vaccine risk. Some of us, myself included, have chosen not to vaccinate our pets at all. Our reward is healthy and long-lived dogs.

It has taken but one paragraph to tell you the good and simple news. The gratitude I feel each day, when I embrace my healthy dogs, stretches from the centre of the Earth to the Universe and beyond.

About the Author:
Catherine O'Driscoll runs Canine Health Concern which campaigns and also delivers an educational program, the Foundation in Canine Healthcare. She is author of Shock to the System (2005; see review this issue), the best-selling book What Vets Don't Tell You About Vaccines (1997, 1998), and Who Killed the Darling Buds of May? (1997; reviewed in NEXUS 4/04). She lives in Scotland with her partner, Rob Ellis, and three Golden Retrievers, named Edward, Daniel and Gwinnie, and she lectures on canine health around the world.

For more information, contact Catherine O'Driscoll at Canine Health Concern, PO Box 7533, Perth PH2 1AD, Scotland, UK, email catherine@carsegray.co.uk, website http://www.canine-health-concern.org.uk. Shock to the System is available in the UK from CHC, and worldwide from Dogwise at http://www.dogwise.com.

Endnotes
1. "Effects of Vaccination on the Endocrine and Immune Systems of Dogs, Phase II", Purdue University, November 1,1999, at http://www.homestead.com/vonhapsburg/haywardstudyonvaccines.html.

2. See www.vet.purdue.edu/epi/gdhstudy.htm.

3. See http://www.avma.org/vafstf/default.asp.

4. Veterinary Products Committee (VPC) Working Group on Feline and Canine Vaccination, DEFRA, May 2001.

5. JVM Series A 50(6):286-291, August 2003.

6. Duval, D. and Giger,U. (1996). "Vaccine-Associated Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in the Dog", Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 10:290-295.

7. New England Journal of Medicine, vol.313,1985. See also Clin Exp Rheumatol 20(6):767-71, Nov-Dec 2002.

8. Am Coll Vet Intern Med 14:381,2000.

9. Dodds, Jean W.,DVM, "Immune System and Disease Resistance", at http://www.critterchat.net/immune.htm.

10. Wolf Clan magazine, April/May 1995.

11. Goldstein, Martin, The Nature of Animal Healing, Borzoi/Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1999.

12. Wolf Clan magazine, op. cit.

13. ibid.

14. Journal of Inflammation 1:3,2004, at http://www.journal-inflammation.com content/1/1/3.

15. Klingborg, D.J., Hustead, D.R. and Curry-Galvin, E. et al., "AVMA Council on Biologic and Therapeutic Agents' report on cat and dog vaccines", Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221(10):1401-1407, November 15,2002, http://www.avma.org/policies/vaccination.htm.

16. ibid.

17. Schultz, R.D., "Current and future canine and feline vaccination programs", Vet Med 93:233-254,1998.

18. Schultz, R.D., Ford, R.B., Olsen, J. and Scott, P., "Titer testing and vaccination: a new look at traditional practices", Vet Med 97:1-13, 2002 (insert).

19. Twark, L. and Dodds, W.J., "Clinical application of serum parvovirus and distemper virus antibody liters for determining revaccination strategies in healthy dogs", J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1021-1024,2000.

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New Dog Vaccine for H3N8 Flu
By Janet Tobiassen Crosby, DVM

Originally discovered in 2004, this canine influenza virus is believed to have jumped from horses to dogs in Florida. This virus, H3N8, is a subtype of the influenza A virus, a highly contagious pathogen that can cause disease by itself or in conjunction with other respiratory pathogens.
Transmission: As with most infectious respiratory diseases, dogs housed in close quarters (kennels, shelters) and situations where there is lots of "dog traffic" (dog day care, grooming/training, vet clinics) are most at risk. There is no evidence to date that this virus infects humans.

Clinical signs: Similar to other influenza infections, this virus causes respiratory signs of sneezing, nasal discharge and coughing. Fever may occur, but not often.

Diagnosis: Because these signs are the same as many other respiratory infections, a special test is necessary to diagnose the H3N8 virus. This test is called a PCR test (polymerase chain reaction) and usually two samples are submitted over a 2 week period to positively identify infection.

H3N8 Treatment: Treatment for this disease is supportive; making sure that the dog maintains appetite, extreme coughing is controlled, and monitoring for fever or development of more serious complications, such as pneumonia. Your veterinarian will determine if pneumonia is a risk and if antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection are warranted.

H3N8 Vaccine: The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has conditionally approved the first vaccine for the canine H3N8 virus on June 23, 2009. The canine influenza vaccine (CIV) is made from a killed virus.

From APHIS:
Studies indicate that the vaccine can reduce the incidence and severity of lung lesions, as well as the duration of coughing and viral shedding. The product is administered by injection, and is recommended for use in healthy dogs at six weeks of age or older as an aid in the control of disease associated with canine influenza virus infection.
Read full APHIS press release on CIV vaccine

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Oral Masses/Ulcers
By Jan Bellows D.V.M. DipAVDC
All Pets Dental Clinic

What are oral masses?
Some dogs and cats develop growths in their mouths. Similar to humans, these growths may be benign or malignant. Once a mass is noticed, analysis must be made to determine the cause of the growth.

What causes oral masses?

Some masses are due to infections in the gums or of the tooth itself. Many are due to tumors. Some breeds are predisposed to certain oral tumors (example: black cocker spaniels are prone to oral melanomas).

What are the signs?

Most pets will not show signs of oral masses until the mass has grown to inhibit chewing or swallowing. In some cases there will be bad breath, excessive drooling and /or a bloody oral discharge.

How are oral masses diagnosed?

The entire patient must be evaluated for tumor spread prior to surgery. Usually examination of regional lymph nodes is given and chest x-rays are taken. The veterinarian may take a sample of cells from the mass and examine them under the microscope to give an indication of whether the cause is due to infection or tumor. In most cases the mass will be removed and sent to the laboratory for analysis.

How are oral masses treated?
Pets that have non-malignant tumors can usually be cured by surgical removal or radiation therapy. Malignant tumors usually need more aggressive surgery and/or radiation and chemotherapy to decrease tumor spread.

What is the prognosis for oral masses?

The prognosis is directly related to the type of mass. With treatment, benign tumors usually result in a normal life span. Those animals affected with aggressive malignant tumors may live only weeks to months after diagnosis with or without treatment.

How are oral ulcers treated?

Therapy of oral ulcers depends on the cause. If due to periodontal disease, teeth cleaning, polishing, and strict home care may affect a cure. Many times the teeth adjacent to the ulcer will need to be extracted in order for ulcer to heal. Oral rinses containing zinc are helpful in the healing process.

What is the prognosis for oral ulcers?

Generally the prognosis is excellent for oral ulcers once the underlying cause is diagnosed and controlled.

Dr. Jan Bellows is a board-certified veterinary dentist. His office, Hometown Animal Hospital and Dental Clinic, is located at 17100 Royal Palm Boulevard in Weston, Florida. He can be reached for consultations at 954-349-5800.

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Detailed Facts About Enzymes
Jory Smith & Miss Bailey
What are Enzymes?
Enzymes are substances that function as organic catalysts, in other words, they either start chemical reactions or make them run faster. They accomplish this while remaining unchanged themselves. Enzymes are composed of two parts, a protein portion called the apoenzyme and a nonprotein portion, either a coenzyme (organic) or cofactor (inorganic). Enzymes are present in every cell in both plants and animals; and are responsible for regulating the biochemical reactions necessary to sustain life. Enzymes are highly specific, both in the substrate they affect, and in the reactions they catalyze. They can exist both in active and in inactive forms, and many enzymes occur naturally in both active and inactive forms in cells. They can, however, be permanently inactivated by altering their environmental conditions, such as pH or temperature.

Is acidophilus an enzyme?
No, acidophilus is a very beneficial bacteria that lives in the colon. It does aid in absorption of nutrients but it is not an enzyme and will not digest food in the stomach.

What is the difference between pancreatic enzymes, animal based enzymes and non-animal enzymes?
Total-Zymes® does NOT contain any animal based enzymes and here is why! Supplemental pancreatic, plant, and microbial enzymes are all designed to enhance digestion. However, plant and microbial enzymes use a "proactive" approach and begin working on foods sooner after ingestion. Pancreatic enzymes do not go to work right away. Pancreatic enzymes usually begin working approximately 30 minutes after food reaches the stomach. Because of their stability in the acidic environment of the upper stomach, plant and microbial enzymes can begin their digestive action immediately after the food reaches this region. With the increased exposure to digestive enzyme activity, food has a better chance of being broken down into small, more readily absorbed particles.

Non animal sourced enzymes

Derived from plants or selected microorganisms by the process of natural fermentation
Active in a broad pH range (approximately 3.0 - 0.0)
Activated in upper stomach and continues working through the entire digestive track
Begin working inmediately
Broad action on a variety of foods for complete digestion
Completely safe with no upper dosing limit
Pancreatic or animal based enzymes

Activity limited to a narrow pH range and will not work in the stomach
Very specific in action
Delayed effect
Easily destroyed by acidity of the stomach (as much as 80%)
Does not break down fibers and certain carbohydrates
No sucrase, maltase, or lactase activity

Animal sourced pancreatin may cause these possible side effects:

High doses may cause diarrhea, cramping, or vomiting. If you observe any of these reactions, contact your veterinarian immediately. If your pet experiences an allergic reaction to the medication, signs may include facial swelling, hives, scratching, sudden onset of diarrhea, vomiting, shock, seizures, pale gums, cold limbs, or coma. If you observe any of these signs, contact your veterinarian immediately. Precautions Do not use in animals hypersensitive (allergic) to pork products. The powder may irritate or burn the skin on contact. Wash immediately if you get any on your skin or your pet's skin. Wash hands after handling this medication. In humans, inhaling the powder may cause an asthma attack or irritation to the lungs. Drug and Food Interactions Notify your veterinarian of any other medications, including vitamins and supplements, your pet is taking while your pet is receiving pancreatic enzymes. Antacids may decrease the effectiveness of pancreatic enzymes. Cimetidine and other histamine H 2 receptor antagonists (medications used to decrease stomach acid) may increase the amount of pancreatic enzymes that reach the upper intestines. Signs of Toxicity/Overdose An overdose may cause diarrhea, vomiting, or cramping. The effects should be temporary, but if you observe any of these reactions, contact your veterinarian immediately. Keep this and all other medications out of the reach of children and pets.

The warning label shown above is quoted from an actual product for pets.

Why are food enzymes missing in cooked and processed foods?
Modern food processing techniques and all types of cooking destroy nearly 100% of the enzymes naturally occurring in food. Enzymes are completely denatured when exposed to temperatures over 118 deg. for any length of time. The modern diet consisting of cooked and processed food is essentially devoid of active enzymes.

How do enzymes aid in digestion?
Enzymes are an integral part of the digestive process. From the time food enters the mouth, enzymes are at work breaking the food down into smaller and smaller units until it can be absorbed through the intestinal wall. These enzymes come from two sources, those found in the food itself, and those produced in the body.

All raw food naturally contains the proper types and proportions of enzymes necessary to assist in the process of decomposition. In addition, when raw food is eaten, chewing ruptures the cell membranes and releases these indigenous food enzymes, many of which survive and contribute to the digestive process. These enzymes include protease, which breaks long protein chains (polypeptides) into smaller amino acid chains and eventually into single amino acids, amylase that reduces large carbohydrates (starches and other polysaccharides) to disaccharides including sucrose, lactose, and maltose, lipase that digests fats (triglycerides) into free fatty acids and glycerol, and cellulase. Cellulase, which is not found in the human system, breaks the bonds found in fiber.

Most food enzymes are essentially destroyed under the conditions used to cook and process food, leaving foods devoid of enzyme activity. Placing the full digestive burden on the body, the body's digestive process can become over-stressed. Digestive problems can result, causing improper digestion and malabsorption of nutrients that can have far reaching effects. Consequences of malabsorption can include impaired immunity, allergic reaction, poor wound healing, skin problems and mood swings. Supplemental enzymes can improve the level of digestion and help assure that the maximum level of nutrient absorption is attained.

Supplemental enzymes of microbial and plant origin work at the pH found in the upper stomach. Food sits in the upper portion of the stomach for as long as an hour before gastric secretions begin their action. Several studies have shown that the enzymes in saliva continue their digestive activity in the upper stomach and can digest up to 30% of the ingested protein, 60% of ingested starch and 10% of ingested fat during the 30 to 60 minutes after consumption. Although salivary enzymes accomplish a significant amount of digestion, their activity is limited to a pH level above 5.0. Supplemental microbial enzymes, and some plant enzymes, are active in the pH range of 3.0 to 9.0 and can facilitate the hydrolysis of a much larger amount of protein, carbohydrates and fat before Hydrochloric Acid is secreted in sufficient amounts to neutralize their activity. Obviously, these enzymes can contribute significantly in improving food nutrient utilization.

Can the importance of pre-digestion be substantiated?
Research shows that nearly all creatures including rodents, whales, canines and birds have distinct organs that enable the exogenous enzymes of food the necessary time to act, before initiating the body's own digestive process. For example, seeds and grains lie in a birds crop for eight to twelve hours, during which proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes in the seed begin hydrolyzing proteins and starch. The food enzyme stomach concept in humans is supported by research on the extended activity of salivary amylase. The amylolytic activity of ptyalin alone can digest as much as 45% of the starch in a meal, before gastric secretions inhibit its action. Further studies in the 1940's showed that as much as 60% starch, 30% protein and 10% fat were digested before pepsin was activated.

Are there quality and efficacy issues?
Quality and efficacy issues run the entire length and breadth of the dietary supplement industry, including enzymes. Knowledge of handling, storing, and packaging of enzymes is essential to properly preserve an enzyme's activity. Quality control policies must be strictly followed as well as having knowledge of the suppliers of raw materials.

Is supplementation really necessary?
The enzymes naturally present in food play an important role in digestion by helping to predigest the ingested food in the upper stomach before hydrochloric acid has even been secreted. This predigestion is hindered when food is cooked or processed because the enzymes are destroyed by the processing procedures. Placing the full digestive burden on the body, the body and its digestive process can become over-stressed and incomplete. As a result, vital nutrients may not be released from the food for assimilation by the body, and gastrointestinal problems may result.

The primary purpose of enzymes in supplement form is to enhance the enzymes available in raw food, and replace those enzymes lost when food is cooked or processed. In addition, supplementation enables more digestion to begin in the gastric region, easing the burden on the digestive system as a whole. The earlier that digestion can begin, the greater the likelihood that no undigested food will enter the colon where bacteria can feed upon it, causing such problems as gas and bloating.

Nearly every pet can benefit from supplementation with enzymes. Even healthy dogs may improve their absorption and utilization of nutrients through the use of digestive enzymes. Of course the benefits will vary, depending upon the dogs diet and general health. Individuals in good health can expect to notice less fullness after meals, increased energy, faster emptying of the stomach contents, decreased gas, and more regular bowel habits.

What happens when food is not properly digested?
Over a century ago, Virchow described "digestive leukocytosis" a condition in which the white blood cell count increases after a meal. Further research by Kouchakoff identified cooked and processed foods as the causative factor. Kouchakoff observed that raw food induced no change in WBC counts while cooked foods, particularly cooked meat, caused rapid increases in serum leukocyte levels. When incompletely digested food molecules are absorbed, the body identifies this particulate matter as foreign antigens and forms circulating immune complexes. The immune system then mobilizes macrophage leukocytes to digest the food.

Do Enzymes in Total-Zymes ® Survive Digestion?
The enzymes involved in digestion are very specific as to the type of food they break down, as well as the conditions under which they work. The process of chewing begins digestion by the action of salivary enzymes, predominantly salivary amylase that begins breaking down starch. These enzymes along with others produced in the stomach, are active at a pH of around 5.0 and continue to break down starches and some fats in the upper part of the stomach until hydrochloric acid is released, lowering the pH to around 3.0. At this point another enzyme, pepsin, becomes active, beginning protein digestion. As the food proceeds to the small intestine, the pH again rises, inactivating pepsin, but enabling other enzymes produced in the pancreas and small intestine to begin their work to complete the digestive process. These enzymes are active in a more alkaline pH of between 6.0 and 8.0. The enzymes that are naturally present in raw food can assist in their own initial breakdown, but are also inactivated when the pH drops in the stomach. Supplemental enzymes can be of great benefit in contributing to the digestive process. However, supplemental enzymes of animal origin are only active in the alkaline pH of the intestine and risk being permanently inactivated or denatured in the lower pH of the gastric region. The enzymes in Total-Zymes® on the other hand not only survive the acid environment of the stomach, but also are active at that low pH. This is where enzymes from microbial or plant origin can be a real advantage because they are stable and active throughout a broad pH range, from about 3.0 - 9.0.

Can Total-Zymes ® benefit working dogs?
Enzymes have been found to be a greatly beneficial ingredient when added to a working dogs nutritional program. Enzymes are natural catalysts which work in the body by hastening the breakdown of the foods which dogs consume, thus maximizing the utilization of the nutrients in the foods. Often working dogs are consuming a unique and controlled diet, high in proteins. These dogs can greatly benefit, both in comfort and in results with added enzymes to break down the high levels of proteins they are consuming. Thus, an addition of enzymes both hastens and maximizes the results of their specialized diets. Dogs such as sled dogs, bomb dogs and rescue dogs also benefit from the addition of extra enzymes to their diet for their anti-inflammatory properties. The ingestion of blends of enzymes containing specific proteolytic enzymes such as bromelain are very effective in relieving inflammation, thus hastening healing.

How does Total-Zymes ® take the stress off my pets pancreas?
Supplement manufacturers initially used enzymes, and more specifically proteases, as aids to digestion of food. Other, non-digestive, uses have been proposed. Attempts have been made to market enzyme products for oral administration using certain metabolic enzymes. Digestive enzymes, especially those derived from fungal sources, are relatively more stable compared to metabolic enzymes, and as such are ideal for oral supplementation to aid digestion. The primary benefit is in shifting a portion of the digestive burden from pancreatic enzymes in the intestine to fungal enzymes in the stomach. Continued supplementation over a period of days activates a feedback system to the pancreas, signaling it to decrease production of its enzymes. This allows the pancreas, primarily an endocrine organ, to conserve its cellular machinery for production of insulin and glucagon; which are important in blood glucose maintenance.

What are some short and long term benefits of Total-Zymes ®?
The benefits will vary depending upon the individual dog, diet, and general health. For the most part, pets experience less fullness after meals, faster emptying of stomach contents, decreased gas, less stool being passed, and more regular bowel habits. Most dog's systems work differently. Try different doses until the desired effect is achieved. Increase in bowel movements may occur. This is normal because these enzymes are very stable, and retain activity in the intestinal tract. After 2 or 3 days, the system will be cleaned out, and then less stool will be passed. This means that more food has been broken down and absorbed by the intestinal tract. After even large meals the heaviness and gas will decrease. This is mostly due to the presence of undigested food in the colon, and the bacteria present cause the food to ferment, which produces gas. In addition, less energy is expended by the body to break down food. Which often results in your pet being more alert and energized. Heartburn also is reduced or stops occurring altogether, since the enzymes digest the food very quickly, food is passed out into the intestine faster, and acid production, which is triggered by the presence of food in the stomach is then reduced.

"The length of life is inversely proportional to the rate of exhaustion of the enzymes potential of an organism. The increased use of food enzymes promotes a decreased rate of exhaustion of the enzyme potential."

The Enzyme Nutrition Axiom - Dr. Edward Howell (the father of enzyme nutrition)
submitted by Jory Smith & Miss Bailey
www.baileysskinrescue.com
**New Product...visit
www.petenzymes.com?a_aid=d17f8420

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Diets for Special Health Needs
By Lew Olson, PhD Natural Health
Originally published in B-Naturals Newsletter
Some health conditions may call for changes in the diet for your dog. While there are many commercial prescription diets for some health conditions, you can prepare fresh food diets at home. A fresh food diet can provide a variety of foods that can be helpful in insuring the best nutrition and help keep the fussiest dog’s appetite up so he will continue eating.

Renal Problems

Kidney problems can cover a wide variety of issues. Most health professionals will tell you to reduce protein when renal values are elevated, but in reality, it is the level of phosphorus that needs to be reduced. This means familiarizing yourself with the phosphorus values of different foods. It can also mean increasing fat to add calories. But for the most part, we don’t start a special diet until the values of BUN reach 80, and the creatinine is over 2. And it is important to run tests to try to find out the source of the problem. This would include a blood titer for leptospirosis, blood test for tick borne diseases, a sterile urine culture (long term urinary tract infections can cause kidney problems) and ruling out Cushing’s disease or Addison’s disease. Occasionally I see websites offering herbal and other ‘cures’ for renal disease. Please disregard these. Always get thorough testing done to find out what mode of treatment will be most successful.

For more information on kidney diets and renal information, check out Mary Straus’s excellent website at this link: http://www.dogaware.com

Recipes on homemade diets for renal problems can be found at this link: http://www.b-naturals.com/newsletter/kidney-diet/

A good list to join to learn more about kidney diets is on the K9Kidney Yahoo Group: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/K9KidneyDiet/

Liver Problems

Liver issues can run the gambit. They can be caused from insult from poisons to congenital issues such as shunt disorders to the liver reacting to other physical issues. Often veterinarians will recommend protein reduction, but generally this is only needed in shunt disorders, or any other problem that causes ammonia leakage in the bloodstream. Ammonia leakage calls for diets with no red meat or organ meats, and in severe cases, even poultry will not be tolerated. But in other liver problems, proteins are fine and necessary for the liver to regenerate and function. The bigger issue is fat. Part of the liver’s job is to process fats and when it is compromised, this can become difficult. This can cause nausea and discomfort for your dog. Reducing fat means avoiding the yolks of eggs, using low fat or non fat yogurt or cottage cheese and using lean meats and removing the skin from poultry. I do have recipes for dogs with liver problems, and these were developed for dogs with shunt issues. If your dog does not have ammonia leakage in the blood stream, you can add red meat. The recipes and more information are found here: http://www.b-naturals.com/newsletter/liver/

Cancer

Fresh food diets can offer more nutrition than processed, commercial dog foods, and the ingredients can be combined for food choices your dog prefers. Often dogs with cancer may have nausea, so rotating food selections can help when their appetite is lacking. Research has shown high sugar foods (carbohydrates) such as grains, fruits and starchy vegetables (potatoes, carrots and sweet potatoes, for example) give cancer cells energy. Homemade diets can be prepared that avoid these ingredients. Also important are high doses of omega 3 fatty acids (animal based sources such as fish, salmon, menhaden or herring oil capsules), along with antioxidants. For more information and recipes, read this article: http://www.b-naturals.com/newsletter/cancer-diet/

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas becomes angry and inflamed. When this happens, dogs have difficulty processing fats in the diet. The pancreas produces too many digestive juices which creates pain and nausea for the dog. Typical symptoms are refusing to eat, arched back and vomiting. Pancreatitis is more about a symptom and reaction to either a disease process in the body or to a drug. Several conditions can create pancreatitis, including diabetes, Cushing’s disease, Hypothyroidism and certain drugs such as steroids, seizure medications and even NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) use. As with kidney problems, it is always important to run tests and blood work to try and find the source of the problem. In the meantime, feeding low fat diets is important for recovery. For more information on pancreatitis and diets read this article: http://www.b-naturals.com/newsletter/pancreatitis/

Heart Problems

Heart issues cover a wide swath of problems. Dogs can be born with heart defects (murmurs, sub aortic stenosis, septal defects) or heart issues such as cardiomyopathy can develop later in life. For the most part, we don’t change diets for dogs with heart problems. Both home cooked and raw diets are naturally low in sodium. Commercial pet foods do use sodium for preservatives, but even at that, generally salt isn’t an issue for dogs with heart disease unless they are on diuretics, such as lasix. Good quality, high bioavailable protein is important for heart health. Meat is important for this, as it contains two heart friendly amino acids, l-carnitine and l-taurine. For further information and recipes to support heart issues: http://www.b-naturals.com/newsletter/heart-healthy-diet/

Urinary Crystals

Crystals are found in the urine and can form stones in the bladder. Stones are caused by several different types of crystals. Each of them takes a different approach in treatment and diet. The most common are struvite, calcium oxalate and purine crystals.

Struvite crystals are most often caused by urinary tract infections. Bacteria create an alkaline environment which causes struvites to grow and flourish. Treating the urinary tract infection will cause the struvites to go away. The best way to treat them is to have your veterinarian do a sterile urine culture. This will be cultured at a laboratory, which will name the bacteria and also tell which antibiotic(s) will be the most effective. Using the correct antibiotic for at least a month and then retesting ten days off the antibiotic should take care of this problem. No diet change is needed nor will help.

Calcium oxalate crystals are often a genetic problem caused by a lack of an enzyme to process oxalates. Diet change is needed to help prevent these. Leslie Bean has developed a guideline for recipes and supplements here: http://www.b-naturals.com/newsletter/calcium-oxalate-uroliths/

Purine crystals are another genetic problem. Again, a diet change is needed with recipes low in purines. This would mean a diet about 50% of vegetables, and avoiding red meat, wild game, organ meat and oily seafood (canned fish and shellfish). Safer animal proteins include chicken, eggs, pork, dairy (yogurt and cottage cheese), rabbit and duck. If purine crystal amounts remain high, protein may need to be reduced to a third of the diet. For technical information on uric acid and purines in dogs: http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/130616.htm

In each of these conditions, the dog needs to be fed a moist diet and have water available around the clock. Hydration helps to flush crystals. The dog needs to have plenty of opportunities to urinate. Holding urine only causes crystals to become more numerous. Never allow your dog to hold their urine during the day.

Conditions Requiring Low Sugar (Glycemic) Diets

Sugars are thought to contribute to arthritis pain and inflammation, feed cancer cells, and help yeast to grow and aggravate some allergic reactions. Dogs with these conditions need to avoid grains and starchy vegetables such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, green peas and carrots. These dogs would do well on a raw diet, or a home cooked diet of about 75% animal protein and 25% low glycemic vegetables.

Low Fat, Low Glycemic Diets

Some conditions require low sugar, but also benefit by reduced fat. These would include epilepsy (for dogs using prescription drugs to reduce seizure incidence), diabetes, Cushing’s disease and hypothyroidism. All of these are prone to pancreatitis, so a reduced fat diet will help prevent this. And low sugar diets will also help each of these conditions.

For more details on the low glycemic diets, and also low fat, low glycemic diets, with details on each of the health conditions above you can read this article: http://www.b-naturals.com/newsletter/low-glycemic/

I hope this article and the resource links will come in handy to check recipes and explanations of these health conditions and special diets. I continue to research new information and develop new diets.

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Teething Time!
By Lew Olson, PhD Natural Health
Originally published in B-Naturals Newsletter
Generally, puppies start losing their teeth between three and four months or age. Often, we will ‘forget’ that, and suddenly see a series of strange symptoms! This can include feet splaying or going flat, going ‘down in the pasterns’, sour breath, anxious behavior, sudden destruction of shoes and furniture, fussiness about eating, ears suddenly going ‘fly away’, or rose (creased) and good toplines going topsy turvy.

The most common reason for these symptoms is a concentration of nutrients going to the newly erupting teeth, and also pain from new teeth coming in. It can be an uncomfortable time for your puppy, especially when the large canines and back molars start to present.

There are several helpful things that can be done at this time. I try to remain aware of when this is occurring, and I start offering more soft recreational bones. These can include pork neck bones and pork ribs. These will help the new erupting teeth. I will also give puppies cold, large carrots at this time (cooling on the gums) as well as keeping plenty of soft, plush toys around. Bully sticks and other natural dried animal products can also be helpful.

I keep nails short and use daily walks and simple training for distraction. Puppies can get cranky during teething time, so I am also alert to know when I just need to put them up and not press long training sessions during this time.

Sometimes in certain breeds, ears may need to be taped. How to do this can vary from breed to breed, so be sure to check with your breeder, or on the internet on the correct procedure for your breed.

Make sure there is some form of vitamin D in the puppy’s diet during teething. Vitamin D can be found in the Bertes Daily Blend, and also in Cod Liver Oil capsules. Vitamin D helps with the intake of calcium, which is important for puppies at this time. If the diet is a commercial diet, or a raw diet that is at least 40% raw meaty bones, do not add more calcium, only vitamin D may be needed.

Sometimes smaller, more frequent meals are helpful during this time, as eating may be painful due to sore gums. Some puppies may prefer raw meaty bones at this time, while other may prefer softer foods. Understand this may due to mouth pain.

Around five to six months, all the adult teeth should be present. Always check your puppy’s mouth to make sure that any puppy teeth haven’t become wedged between the adult teeth and that the gums look healthy. Once you and your puppy have left this stage, everything will start to go back to normal.

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Acupressure 101
Submitted by Jory and Miss Bailey
www.baileysskinrescue.com
OK :o)) Here goes .... This is the way our canine chiropractor explained to me how to work on Bailey...

You all know your dog's body very well from hands on..so start by running your thumbs, at the same time, down each side of your dog's spine (with your dog relaxed and either laying down or sitting..I find
laying down the best.

As you gently run your thumbs down the sides of the spine from the neck to the tail with very light pressure, you may find an area on one side or the other that is a little pronounced which is probably a
muscle tension area or knot.

Stop there and apply light, downward pressure using your first two fingers into the 'belly' of the knot and hold for 15 seconds..do not hold your breath...but breathe relaxed. The amount of pressure is not
much more than you would use to take your own pulse.

At the 15 second mark, slowly start to move your fingers (without letting off the pressure), in a small clockwise rotation and as you are doing that, take a deep breathe and slowly let off the pressure as you continue the circles until fully released.

Carry on down the spine and see if you find other areas and repeat.

You may also find knots along the loin to thigh region , the thigh area and the 'calf' area (I forget what that's called.

Once you have mastered that...I could talk about two chiro pressure moves that can also be very helpful They are applying pressure as well.

Bailey loves acupressure...when I first put pressure on an area,,,,she does hold her breathe, but as I release, she smiles and sometimes pants..."Ahhh,,that feels GOOD Mom!

Healing is about your intention...so your intention is to send healing and love and relaxation to your dog in this way.

You can do this several times a week , even every day Another area you can check is along the shoulder blades and around any joints really.

Have fun doing accupressure on your dogs and let us know what the doggies think of your new skills.

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Canine Pain Management
Burning Away The Pain
Originally published by the PennCurrent
By Tim Hyland

"When Dottie Brown was in high school she worked at a local veterinary practice, learning valuable real-world lessons about her career of choice.
But even as a teenager, Brown sensed something odd about the way the veterinarians of the day treated—or maybe more accurately, didn't treat—their patients' pain.
“It used to be that animals very rarely got post-surgical pain management,” Brown says. “The rationale was, ‘Well, we just fixed the broken bone and we don’t want the dog to move around, so if we don’t give them pain meds they won’t move and that will be good.’ And I’d have to say that rationale, 20 years ago, was not all that uncommon.”

Dogs such as Ursula can't help but love Penn Associate Professor of Surgery Dottie Brown, who has been working on finding new ways to measure and treat their pain.
Photo credit: Candace di Carlo

Today, Brown is at the forefront of a push in the veterinary world to give dogs access to the same pain relief that humans have become accustomed to. As an associate professor of surgery at the Ryan Veterinary Hospital and an active researcher on animal pain management, Brown is working to find new ways to help dogs stricken with such diseases as cancer or arthritis live pain-free lives. Recently, Brown's expertise drew her into a study that is revealing some unusual and unexpected pain-management properties of a fiery compound called resiniferatoxin (RTX), a red-hot sap produced by a Moroccan cousin of the chili pepper plant.
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health working to better understand pain in human beings discovered that, in cancer patients, pain messages were sent to the brain by a certain class of nerve cells in the spine. But these nerve cells, the researchers found, could be killed if infused with calcium—and once killed, the pain messages could be stopped.

That's where RTX comes in. When the chemical—about 1,000 times more potent than the capsaicin that gives chili peppers their kick—makes contact with the pain-transmitted nerve cells, it spurs a rush of calcium into the cells, destroying them and providing relief from cancer's life-depleting pain.“When we give [RTX] in the spinal fluid in the spinal cord, those [pain] cells are permanently deleted, and they can't send the signal,” Brown says.

The NIH team found RTX seemed to work on lab rats, but needed more evidence to support their claim. And because humans and dogs are so similar, medically speaking, they turned to Brown, whose work had put her in contact with dogs suffering from severe cancer pain. Brown, in turn, sought out dogs that might make good case studies. She chose a group that had been stricken with cancer, and were so wracked with pain they were unable to put weight on their limbs. Some had given up on playing completely.

But after taking injections of RTX, those same dogs were able to run and jump almost as if they felt no pain at all. The cancer persisted—and eventually proved fatal—but owners reported weeks or months of happy times after RTX treatment. “These were dogs who didn’t really want to walk around anymore. The owners were basically at the point of considering euthanasia,” Brown says. “Some of those who were on other pain meds coming in actually discontinued those afterward.”

The initial trial was such a great success that Brown will conduct another, more thorough study this summer. Meanwhile, the NIH team is pushing to begin testing RTX on humans soon.
Brown says it's unlikely RTX will ever replace such pain-management standbys as morphine—RTX can only be delivered by spinal injection and patients must be anesthetized during application—but she says it could eventually provide another tool in doctors' and veterinarians' ongoing fight to relieve pain. Besides, Brown says, it was not too long ago that the thought of injecting a toxin into somebody's face would raise some eyebrows: But that's precisely what users of Botox—which, like RTX, is a neurotoxin—are doing.

“This whole field is pretty new," Brown says. "RTX would fall under the group of neurotoxins—drugs that have a really toxic effect on nerves. But it's only recently that you're beginning to realize you can use those same properties, but in a good way.”

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No Dairy for Doggies!
Submitted by Jory and Miss Bailey
www.baileysskinrescue.com
Dairy products contain protein lectins that can cause problems in some dogs, so it's probably best to avoid dairy products. This protein lectin can cause mucous build up throughout the system which presents an attractive breeding ground for bacteria , virus' and allergens.

An allergy, simply put..is the immune's system response to something that it perceives as the enemy.keeping in mind that cow's milk is meant for a calf that has two stomachs and the digestive enzymes to break down this protein lectin. Also keep in mind that dairy includes yogurt, and cheeses (which are that dairy products can have negative effects on blood sugar levels as well. Disrupted blood sugar levels can lead to weight problems, and diabetes.

Symptoms of dairy allergies can include, runny eyes, itching ears and repeated ear infections), itchy skin and skin eruptions, and scooting (itchy anus).

Note :
The dairy food issue is a very controversial one, indeed. Many believe that dairy is not fit for human consumption and numerous research studies have documented its ill effects on our health. On the other side of the coin, dairy farming is a huge, multi-billion dollar government-subsidized industry whose tremendous advertising campaigns have us believing that we can't live without milk and dairy products. Unfortunately, even if they were right to some degree, all commercially sold dairy products are highly processed and loaded with dangerous chemicals and antibiotics.

Dairy products are also very high in saturated fats. Saturated fats slow down the lymphatic system, which is responsible for removing toxins from the body.

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Managing Fleas Without Poisons
by Geneva Coats, Pomeranian Review Health and Genetics Editor
Provided by The Dog Press Headlines Newsletter

Most of us have resorted to using commercial flea control products at one time or another. These products can present significant hazards. They are pesticides, poisons which are intended to kill living organisms. Many pesticides affect a broad range of living things. For example, organophosphate and carbamate compounds (two classes of pesticides commonly used for flea control) act on the nervous systems of insects and mammals in the same manner. When you use these chemicals, you can affect not only fleas, but your pet and yourself as well.

If you think you or your pet has been adversely affected by a pet product containing pesticides, call your regional poison control center for immediate help, and report the incident to the EPA's National Pesticide Telecommunications Network, at 800-858-7378.

Most pesticides are neurotoxic, meaning that they cause the nervous system to malfunction, thereby causing death. About 2/3 of available pesticides function in this manner. Flea control products have also caused reproductive problems in laboratory tests. About half of the available products are classified as carcinogens by the EPA, while one-fourth are known to cause genetic damage in at least one test. Almost all pesticides have environmental concerns.

Per pound of weight, small dogs breathe more air, drink more water, and eat more food than larger dogs. In addition, young puppies are more sensitive than adults because they are growing and some of their organs are still developing. A lesser amount of toxic material per pound can poison a young puppy or small dog very quickly.

There are several ways chemicals enter the body. They may be inhaled and enter the bloodstream through the lungs. They may be ingested by mouth, and enter through the gastrointestinal tract. They may also be absorbed through the skin (and paw pads) through direct contact.

The good new is, that by understanding the flea's life cycle and targeting your management activities, an effective and least-toxic flea control program is possible. Fleas go through four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Warm, moist conditions (65-80 degrees F and 70% relative humidity) are optimal for flea hatching and development. A female can lay up to 800 eggs in her lifetime. Eggs are laid both on and off the pet. Those laid on the pet later fall off and accumulate on the floor, in cracks, on furniture, and in dust. The eggs hatch within 2 to 12 days into wormlike larvae. The larval stage generally lasts 1 to 3 weeks, but can exist up to 200 days. The larvae then spin a cocoon and transform into pupae. Pupae remain dormant until they detect a host (by warmth and vibrations) and hatch out as adults. The pupae stage lasts from 1-2 weeks under favorable conditions but can extend to nearly a year. After emerging the adult fleas immediately seek a blood meal. Adults can live 1-2 months without a meal and can survive 7 to 8 months with just one meal. So, as you can see, when conditions of heat and humidity are favorable, fleas can emerge from seemingly out of nowhere to torture your pet. In addition to causing discomfort and skin lesions from allergic reactions and scratching, fleas can transmit tapeworm and bacterial infections.

Vigilance and preventive techniques allow most pet owners to keep flea populations under control without using poisons. An effective program must address the flea at all four stages of development. Vacuuming areas your pet frequents, bathing your pet, washing pet bedding, and combing for fleas can effectively keep your flea population at a tolerable level.

Fleas tend to accumulate where pets sleep. Try to establish a single, regular sleeping place with bedding that is easily removable and washable. Wash bedding about once a week to break up the flea life cycle. Pick up the bedding by the four corners so that eggs and larvae aren't scattered throughout the area.

Keep your lawn cut short and either very dry or very wet. Fleas don't do well in either extreme. Bathing your pet is an effective control measure. It is not necessary to use insecticidal shampoos, most soaps will kill fleas. Use a comb to remove fleas from your dog. Keep a container of soapy water nearby to drown the fleas in. Dish soap works well. Don't crush fleas with your fingers since they carry parasites and disease organisms.

Vacuuming floors, carpets, furniture, crevices and cracks once a week is an excellent means of controlling the flea population. Vacuuming is especially effective at picking up adults and eggs. The vibration from vacuuming can result in the emergence of adult fleas from the pupae stage, the newly hatched fleas are vacuumed up prior to ever meeting you or your pet. Steam cleaning carpet kills fleas in the adult and larval stages. However, the steam can trigger the hatching of the remaining flea eggs a few days later but vacuuming religiously will take care of most of the newly hatched fleas. Vacuum more frequently if the flea population increases, every 2-3 days during the peak season. After vacuuming, the bag must be dealt with immediately or the fleas will escape and re-infest the area.

BIOLOGICAL FLEA CONTROL

Predatory nematodes that prey on flea larvae and pupae as they are developing in soil are available commercially. The nematodes are mixed with water and watered in to lawns to reduce outdoor flea populations. Nematodes are available from Gardens Alive! (812-537-8650) (www.gardensalive.com). Gardens Alive! is a wonderful source for environmentally friendly, nontoxic home and garden products. Another good company with information related to flea control on their website is Planet Natural. www.planetnatural.com.

LESS TOXIC ALTERNATIVES TO PESTICIDES

Desiccating dusts, such as diatomaceous earth and silica aerogels, kill fleas by drying them out, causing the insect to lose moisture and eventually die. Always wear goggles and a dust mask during application to avoid breathing in desiccating dusts. Cover or remove equipment that can be damaged by dust. People with respiratory problems should not use diatomaceous earth. Be sure not to use glassified diatomaceous earth manufactured for use in swimming pool filters, it causes the lung disease silicosis.

Some pest control companies are advertising a natural flea control through use of boric acid (another desiccant material) in cracks and crevices.

Diatomaceous earth or silica aerogel can be applied to pets and their bedding. Both are desiccating agents. Work in using a brush or broom. Vacuum afterwards to remove loose dust.

Use of brewer's yeast tablets make your dog less attractive to fleas, as the smell is excreted through the skin. Adding a spoon of apple cider vinegar to the water bowl will make the skin more acidic and unpleasant to fleas. You can also use a 50:50 dilution in a spray bottle and dampen the coat with the solution.

Insect growth regulators are not pesticides, but rather chemicals that arrest the growth and development of young fleas. These include methoprene, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen and the popular lufenuron (Program®). Alternatives also include newer pesticide products sprayed or spotted onto pets, such as fipronil (Frontline®) or imidacloprid (Advantage®). Particularly when used in combination with physical measures, the safety and effectiveness of these newer chemical products makes the continued use of pet products containing Organophosphates -- and their attendant risks for humans and pets alike -- unnecessary.

You can make your own nontoxic flea repellents with some natural aromatherapy ingredients. These essential oils work well as repellents; add a few drops of these, in varying combinations, in a spray bottle filled with water: You could also make a flea collar by rubbing a few drops of these essential oils into a cloth collar or bandana for your dog. Be sure to refresh weekly.

eucalyptus

tea tree

citronella

lavender

geranium

neem

lemon

grapefruit

orange

cedarwood

sage

Some information reprinted with permission from the Journal of Pesticide Reform, Northwest Coalition For Alternatives to Pesticides

P.O. Box 1393,

Eugene, Oregon 97440

541-344-5044

www.pesticide.org

I welcome your comments or suggestions. Click My Picture for additional information.

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Choosing the Right Multivitamin for Your Dog
From CarolOnPets.com

There are many multivitamin supplements now available that will satisfy the basic daily requirements a pet needs to maintain a good quality of life. Most of these products are dosed according to a pet’s body weight, and suggested doses are listed on the label.

When choosing a multivitamin supplement for your dog, I recommend you ask these important questions:

What are the most critical ingredients dogs need?

First of all, a good product designed for dogs should include the basics:

· Antioxidants: Vitamins A, C and E.

· Vitamin B Complex—the full spectrum which includes Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 (Folic Acid), B12, and Biotin.

· Minerals: Calcium, Magnesium, Selenium and Zinc

Is the company reputable?

Look for products made in the USA, backed by published independent clinical trials, like PAAWS and VitaLife. The manufacturer should stand behind its product and offer complete satisfaction with a money back guarantee.

Does this product have the right dosage for my dog?

The amount of each ingredient needs to be appropriate for your dog’s age and health status. More is not necessarily better. Excessive levels of some vitamins can be toxic, while overdoses of others simply create expensive urine. Have you ever given your dog B vitamins and noticed that his urine has changed color? That means there were more nutrients than his body was able to absorb, so the excess was eliminated in the urine.

What are the nutrient sources?

Check that the ingredients are derived from water soluble sources and Chelated or mixed with a nutrient, which allows for optimal absorption and utilization by your dog’s body. When four vitamins—A, D, E, and K—come from fat soluble sources, they don’t get eliminated from your pet’s body each day. Instead they accumulate and are stored in fat, which means that excess levels can quickly lead to toxicity.

Vitamin A: is an essential nutrient that acts as an antioxidant. It is also necessary for good vision, proper bone development and healthy skin. The fat soluble source of Vitamin A is called Retinyl Palmitate. It is inexpensive to make but too much can be deadly. The water soluble source of Vitamin A is called Vitamin A Palmitate. This is much more expensive to make, but it is eliminated daily from your dog’s body. It does not accumulate and is very safe, so toxicity is not a factor.

What dosage of Vitamin A does your dog need?

Small dogs up to 35 pounds need 1000IU’s (IU means international units) twice a day. Medium dogs 35-60 pounds need 2000IU’s twice daily and large dogs over 60 pounds need 3000IU’s twice daily.

B-Complex Vitamins:

These are critical cofactors necessary for energy production. They are essential to metabolize proteins, carbohydrates and fats. B-Complex vitamins aid in the release of energy from foods and help to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.

Look for a product that contains the full spectrum of B-Complex vitamins, namely B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 (Folic Acid), B12 and Biotin. Next, determine the source from which they are derived. Brewer’s yeast is a common, very inexpensive source of B vitamins. It is also a leading cause of allergies in dogs, resulting in itching and skin eruptions. An appropriate dosage would be 25mg for a small dog, 50mg for a medium dog and 75mg for large dogs over 60 pounds, given twice daily.

Vitamin C: is needed to regenerate and revitalize Vitamin E. It is also essential to normal collagen formation. Collagen is an integral part of the walls of blood vessels and is also a vital component in the matrix of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bones and skin. Good natural sources include Ascorbic Acid and Ester C. Ester C is a buffered form of Ascorbic Acid which is nonirritating to your dog’s stomach. Appropriate absorbable dosages of Vitamin C for a healthy small dog are 125mg, for a medium dog 250mg and for a large dog 375mg, twice a day.

Vitamin E: is needed to regenerate and revitalize Vitamin C. It is also important to help maintain the integrity of cell membranes, which is essential if they are to function normally. Dl Alpha Tocopherol Succinate is a good natural source of Vitamin E. Synthetic sources of Vitamin E contain Tocopheryl. They are less expensive and less effective. Appropriate dosages of Vitamin E for healthy pets are 25IU for a small dog, 50IU for a medium dog and 75IU for large dogs, given twice daily.

Vitamin C and E work together in your dog’s body synergistically as a team. Either nutrient given alone offers fewer benefits than when given together. Vitamin C helps the body to naturally replenish Vitamin E and vice versa.

Calcium and magnesium: Calcium is not only essential to help dogs maintain strong bones and teeth; it also helps prevent high blood pressure, heart attacks and colon cancer. Magnesium acts like a catalyst for calcium, so they work in tandem. Both may be derived from cheap, unreliable sources such as ground bone or egg shells. Viable sources, such as Calcium Citrate and Magnesium Maleate, are more costly but much more effective. Excess levels of these vitamins can also be harmful and lead to stone formation in the kidneys and/or urinary bladder.

Selenium: This mineral is incorporated into many vital enzymes, is important for many of the body’s critical processes and promotes immune system function. Selenium also works with Vitamin E as an antioxidant to help protect against free radical oxidative damage.

Zinc: is another essential mineral and is a vital component of several biochemical and enzymatic reactions in your pet’s body. In addition, zinc is needed to maintain the health and integrity of the skin and hair coat and promotes the integrity of the immune system.

Other Essential Nutrients for Dogs

Not every nutrient your dog needs on a daily basis is contained in a standard multivitamin, so you need to buy these supplements separately and give them to your dog daily.

Digestive enzymes: are important in maintaining overall health. The body’s production of enzymes naturally decreases as pet’s age. Using enzymes properly can enhance your pet’s ability to digest, absorb and utilize what you feed him, which is essential for energy production and, ultimately, for life itself. The stomach and intestines play a vital role in keeping the immune system functioning properly and absorbing all of the key nutrients from your dog’s diet.

The digestive enzymes pets receive should be full spectrum. They include amylase to digest carbohydrates, protease to digest proteins, lactase to digest lactose, lipase to digest fat and cellulase to digest cellulose or plant fibers.

Probiotics: These friendly bacteria boost your pet’s immune system, improve digestion, control yeast overgrowth, remove waste and toxins from the body and help manufacture B vitamins and promote proper elimination.

When there’s any type of GI upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, it results in a buildup of harmful bacteria. So it’s vital to repopulate the GI tract with healthy bacteria to promote wellness and quickly reverse the negative effects of those destructive bacteria.

Together digestive enzymes and probiotics help to promote a speedy recovery. They also relieve stress on the body and help avoid negative consequences later on, including developing problems such as diabetes or pancreatitis. Because so much food for people is highly processed with little nutrient value, probiotics are now being advertised on TV and promoted everywhere.

Research has shown that eating yogurt with live cultures of bacteria called lactobacilli promotes proper digestion and overall health. The problem is that a 60 pound dog needs to eat a lot of yogurt to get the right amounts of those healthful bacteria. A better source is through supplements.

Glucosamine: is an amino sugar made of molecules called Glucosaminolglycans or “GAGS.” Gags are found in almost every tissue of the body including joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, skin, urinary bladder and blood vessels. Glucosamine is needed to maintain normal joint fluid, which surrounds the joints providing them with important nutrients. It helps to lubricate and cushion the joints, acting like a shock absorber during movement and insulating the bones from friction.

Glucosamine is necessary to maintain the overall health and integrity of cartilage, articular surfaces, bones and joints. It also enhance your pet’s mobility and flexibility, and plays a role in the healthy formation of many bodily structures including ligaments, tendons, joint fluid, skin, bone and nails. For healthy small dogs 125mg, for medium dogs 250mg and for large dogs 500 mg twice daily is ideal.

MSM: (methyl-sulfonyl-methane) A unique natural, organic form of sulfur that helps reduce arthritic joint pain and acts together with glucosamine to restore normal joint function and integrity. Dosages for healthy dogs are one-half of those required for glucosamine.

Essential Omega 3 & 6 Fatty Acids: are essential to life. They help maintain the health and normal function of your dog’s cell membranes so they can absorb the nutrients in his system. They also help maintain the health of the skin and hair coat. Fatty acids are necessary for the normal structure, function and integrity of your pet’s heart and brain and joints.

Studies have shown that pets who consume Omega-3 rich oils, which are high in fatty acids such as DHA and EPA, tend to display stronger cardiovascular function than those who do not receive these supplements.

Also, add a teaspoon of extra virgin olive oil to your pet’s food. It smells good, tastes great, adds flavor and is a great source of Essential Omega 3, 6 Fatty Acids.

(c) 2008, Dr. Carol Osborne, D.V.M.

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Morris Animal Foundation offers Web program on canine cancer
Jun 8, 2008
DVM Newsmagazine

Denver - Veterinary oncologists from two leading canine cancer research centers, at Colorado State University and Cornell University, participated in a canine cancer exclusive presentation now featured on the Morris Animal Foundation (MAF) Web site, www.MorrisAnimalFoundation.org.

The MAF exclusive includes a question-and-answer session led by three veterinary oncologists from CSU's Animal Cancer Center, the world's largest facility of it kind.

Questions were submitted from owners whose dogs have cancer, the leading cause of death in dogs over age 2, and from dog breeders, boarding kennel managers and others.

The presentation also includes canine cancer facts and updates from Cornell's Sprecher Institute for Comparative Cancer Research.

Links are provided to Cornell's "Pet Owner's Guide to Cancer" and other educational sites.

The MAF site also offers links to other veterinary cancer centers in the United States and United Kingdom, to help anyone interested contact the center nearest their home.

Denver-based MAF, which has funded nearly 1,400 humane animal-health studies, is conducting a global campaign aimed at curing canine cancer in the next one to two decades, while seeking to develop more effective treatments in the meantime.

For details, visit www.CureCanineCancer.org.

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Cutting Edge Procedure Hailed as Arthritis Cure for Dogs
By Reporter: Lisa Ferrari
WCAVTV.com - Charlottesville VA
May 27, 2008

Dogs crippled by arthritis are walking and even running again and there is hope the same procedure can be used on humans.

The cutting edge surgery is called stem cell therapy and it was performed for the first time on a dog in Charlottesville Tuesday afternoon.

Debilitated by arthritis, Nunu a 12 year old husky mix could barely get around. "She had to do a hand stand to get her back legs under her," said Dr. Richard Freedman of the Albemarle Veterinary Health Care Center.

http://www.albemarlevet.com/

Dr. Freedman is hoping cutting edge medicine will cure Nunu's pain. He is the only Charlottesville veterinarian licensed to perform stem cell therapy.

Nu nu was asleep for the 20 minute operation, while Dr. Freedman removed a few ounces of fat from the dog's back. That fat is then over nighted to a company called Vet Stem in San Diego.

There they will harvest millions of Nunu's own regenerative stem cells. And on Thursday those cells will be injected into the Nunu's two arthritic knees.

"The cells will hone or be attracted to the tissue that is diseased," said Dr. Freedman. In a matter of days Nunu will begin to grow new cartilage and her pain will diminish.

"What happens is over time this dog will have healthy cartilage tissue lining its joint. Now for what period we don't know yet," he said.

It costs under $3,000 but the results are often spectacular and immediate. Nunu is expected to have improved comfort, improved range of motion and an improved quality of life in a matter of days says Dr. Freedman.

Nunu was able to go home Tuesday night and will return Thursday for the second part of the procedure.injecting the cells.

As hopeful as this is for dogs, there is also hope for humans down the road.

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Pet sterilization laws raise health concerns
Spayed or neutered dogs more at risk for cancers, other ills, research shows
By Kim Campbell Thornton
MSNBC contributor
updated Mon., May. 19, 2008

Studies have found that spayed or neutered dogs are at increased risks for problems including certain cancers, thyroid disorder, incontinence and some of the same behavior issues that the surgeries are said to prevent.

As legislators push for more mandatory spay and neuter laws for pets as young as 4 and 6 months in hopes of reducing the number of unwanted animals, critics are crying foul over research showing that such surgeries may raise certain health risks in dogs and therefore shouldn't be required.

Studies have shown that dogs that undergo spaying (removal of the ovaries and uterus) or neutering (removal of the testicles) are at increased risks for certain cancers, thyroid disorder, incontinence and some of the same behavior issues, such as aggression, that the surgeries are said to prevent.

Most of these problems aren't common to begin with, and the increased risks can depend on the type of dog and the age the surgery is performed. Still, the findings are leading some experts to say that, contrary to conventional wisdom, later spay/neuter surgery for dogs, and even vasectomies for male canines, may be better options for some animals, depending on such factors as breed and lifestyle.

The American Veterinary Medical Association has not taken a stand on spay/neuter legislation, but the American College of Theriogenologists, a group of veterinary reproduction specialists that advises the AVMA, is considering a position paper opposing the legislation at its meeting in St. Louis in August, says veterinarian John Hamil of Laguna Beach, Calif., a member of the group's task force that looked at the issue.

“What they’re saying is that because there have been problems associated with spay/neuter surgery, they think it’s improper for it to be mandated, much less at an early age," says Hamil. "They feel the decision should be made after discussion between the owner and veterinarian.”

Proponents of spay/neuter legislation say it's a way to reduce the numbers of animals in shelters and cut down on euthanasia rates. They also cite the health and behavior benefits of the procedures, such as prevention of mammary cancer, spraying and marking territory, and roaming.

Patty Khuly, a veterinarian in Miami, says a better solution to control the animal population than mandatory spay/neutering by a certain age is to offer the surgeries at lower costs so more pet owners can afford them and get them done according to a veterinarian's recommendations.

“I don’t believe that the fourth month is a reasonable window,” she says. “Most veterinarians would agree on that. I think low-cost spay/neuter, making it more available, is the solution, as opposed to mandating a time frame, especially when we don’t know the real impact of early spay/neuter.”

For more than a decade, the cities of San Mateo and Belmont in California have required sterilization of most cats and dogs more than 6 months old. But more attention is being paid to the pros and cons of pet sterilization now because of a recent spate of legislation that has been passed or introduced. Los Angeles, for instance, passed an ordinance requiring cats and dogs more than 4 months old to be neutered or spayed by October or risk fines up to $500. Palm Beach, Fla., and North Las Vegas also have approved such measures, and dozens more cities and counties, including Chicago and Dallas, are considering them. Rhode Island is the only state to have passed a mandatory spay/neuter law, and it applies just to cats.

No one-size-fits-all answer
The idea that pets should be spayed or neutered at approximately 6 months of age or earlier dates to studies in the 1960s and 1970s showing that spaying a female before her first estrus cycle almost eliminated mammary cancer — which is common in dogs — and that spayed and neutered dogs showed a decrease in behavior problems that can be fueled by sex hormones.

Spay/neuter surgery also has other benefits, including prevention of unwanted litters, no messy twice-yearly estrus cycles in females and a reduced rate of uterine infections later in life. Spayed and neutered dogs and cats also have longer lifespans.

Since the early studies were conducted, however, research has also shown downsides to the surgeries beyond acute side effects such as bleeding and inflammation.

Margaret V. Root Kustritz, a veterinary reproduction specialist at the University of Minnesota, reviewed 200 studies and found that while spay/neuter surgery has benefits, it is also linked to increases in the incidence of certain diseases and conditions such as bone cancer, heart tumors, hypothyroidism and canine cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries, as well as prostate cancer in male dogs and urinary incontinence in females. The extent of the risk can depend on the problem, as well as the size and sex of the dog, and the age the surgery is performed.

The risk of a type of cardiac tumor called hemangiosarcoma is five times higher in spayed female dogs than unspayed females, noted Kustritz. And neutered males have 2.4 times the risk of unneutered males. The risk was also higher for osteosarcoma (bone cancer): Dogs spayed or neutered before age 1 were up to two times as likely to develop the disease than those that hadn’t been altered.

Spaying and neutering may also heighten behavior problems such as aggression in some breeds and noise phobias in dogs altered at less than 5 months of age, she found.

While it's long been believed that spaying and neutering can improve a dog's behavior, one large study done at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine found that, with a few exceptions, spaying and neutering was associated with worse behavior, although those effects were often specific to certain breeds and depended on the age at which the dog was altered.

Cats seem to fare better, though. The main risk they face from sterilization is that they can become sedentary and obese, according to Kustritz's review of studies. As a result, vets say sterilizing cats before 6 months of age is appropriate.

Reproductive choice
Still, some oppose the mandatory spay/neuter surgery for both cats and dogs based on the grounds that pet owners may not be able to afford the surgery if reduced-cost programs aren't available. Plus, they argue, people should have a choice.

In San Mateo, Calif., Peninsula Humane Society president Ken White says such legislation provides a one-approach answer to a problem that is different from community to community.

White believes low-cost or free spay/neuter programs are a better way to reduce the number of unwanted animals, based on what’s worked in San Mateo. The numbers of animals requiring euthanasia dropped dramatically — a 93 percent reduction since 1970 — as the humane society added ways for people to take advantage of low-cost and no-cost spay/neuter programs.

Stephanie Shain, director of outreach for the Humane Society of the United States, says that in general the organization is in favor of spay/neuter laws but "we look at every piece of legislation individually. We generally recommend that those decisions are made with a veterinarian. If an individual pet owner feels they want to wait longer or their veterinarian feels they should wait longer, that's their choice."

Veterinarians should consider the age for spay/neuter surgery based on the individual animal rather than rely on the traditional 6-month standard, says Khuly.

For instance, giant dog breeds are more at risk for some types of cancer, and Akitas, German shepherds, golden and Labrador retrievers, Newfoundlands, poodles and Saint Bernards are among the breeds at higher risk for CCL ruptures.

“It seems that the bigger the dog, the less desirable it is to spay them early,” says Hamil. In his practice, he recommends spaying or neutering large or giant-breed dogs later than small or medium-size dogs.

Some veterinarians suggest spaying females at 12 to 14 months of age, after the growth plates have closed and between estrus cycles. Hamil says that’s not unreasonable.

A kinder cut?
Vasectomy is an option, although a rather uncommon one, for dogs that participate in sports with their owners. The main advantage is better musculature, which can help with arthritis later in life, says Khuly. A vasectomy prevents procreation but keeps testosterone production.

“I think it makes a lot more sense to consider a vasectomy,” says Khuly. “Males with their testosterone really do have some advantages over those that don’t have their testosterone.”

While experts debate the timing of spay/neuter surgery, they generally agree that the benefits outweigh the risks.

“The disadvantages, although real, are not stark,” Hamil says. “It’s not like if you neuter them they’re going to get [bone cancer]. You would have a very slight increase in incidence, and it’s going to be breed-related ... [Whatever the increase is] that’s not a very big reason not to spay or neuter your dog.”

Kim Campbell Thornton is an award-winning author who has written many articles and more than a dozen books about dogs and cats. She belongs to the Dog Writers Association of America and is past president of the Cat Writers Association. She shares her home in California with three Cavalier King Charles spaniels and one African ringneck parakeet.

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Yup! CPV-2 is a reality as is the 'new' Kennel Cough! Some very serious stuff! And at the moment NO effective vaccination(s) available. So, we're dealing with this the old fashioned way (1) cleanliness and sanitation (2) proper behavior of our dogs
   1 a - Several products are available: Clorox bleach mixed at a 10 to 1 ratio remains affective against PARVO. A33 is affective against PARVO as is Virex used at a ration of 1/2 ounce per gallon of water.
   2 a - Do NOT allow your dog to sniff 'poop' or even the behindies of other canines! PARVO hitches its ride on feces
   2 c - Do NOT allow your dog to sniff or lick urine. . . .Lepto is also on the rise
   2 d - Kennel Cough is airborne, and best combated by cleanliness and sanitation as well as proper ventilation
   3 - and if all that is not enough to make one want to rethink every dog show entry, there is now a suspicion that Giardia duonenalis has developed the ability to go from dog to human, yuppers, 'they' think that Giardia has become zoonotic.

Below is the article that appeared in the May 3rd issue of Las Vegas Sun
Deadly dog illness hits for just 3rd time
The Associated Press - Sat, May 3, 2008

A deadly bacterial strain that attacks dogs in animal shelters has struck for a third time, and a shelter medicine expert credits quick countermeasures for preventing more dogs from dying.

The latest outbreak was at the Humane Animal Welfare Society of Waukesha County, 10 miles west of Milwaukee, where seven dogs died over 10 days and two others became ill, prompting the shelter to stop taking dogs in or adopting them out.

The Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Madison said Friday that the dogs had the strain of bacteria _ streptococcus equi zooepidemicus _ that rapidly attacks the respiratory system, although at least one of the three dogs the lab examined also had parainfluenza virus. More tests were being done.

The case is just the third documented outbreak of the illness that causes dogs to become lethargic and feverish and then invades the respiratory system, said Kate Hurley, director at the Kort Shelter Medicine Program at the University of California-Davis.

One good thing is that the illness has been limited to shelters, and only rarely occurred there, she said.

"People's pet animals are really at minimal risk," she said. "Even within shelters this is very rare."

The first outbreak was at a Las Vegas shelter where as many as a dozen dogs a day had been dying in late 2006 until the illness was diagnosed in February 2007.

"The staff estimated that over 1,000 dogs had died with this bleeding from the nose and mouth and acute respiratory disease that is characteristic of this," Hurley said.

The second outbreak was last February in a Miami shelter where about a dozen dogs died.

"It doesn't seem to have been able to escape from a shelter or a greyhound kennel type of environment and spread into communities," Hurley said, "and it may be because the disease course is just so rapid.

"Once they are symptomatic, they tend to go downhill very rapidly and maybe there just hasn't been time for it to spread."

The exact mode by which the disease spreads isn't known, she said.

"It does seem to be highly contagious," she said. "It's possible that it's airborne within a facility or it's spread on caretakers' feet and on objects or on common surfaces," Hurley said.

It has not occurred in places such as dog day-care facilities, she said.

"It may be that there is some other compromise with stray animals coming together in shelters with a poor vaccine history that contributes to susceptibility to this kind of outbreak," Hurley said.

"Or it just may be luck that it hasn't struck in a doggy day care or boarding type facility," she added. "The fact is we don't know everything about this disease yet.

"But certainly it's not spreading dramatically and it's not widespread in the United States."

The Waukesha case shows the value of recognizing the disease as soon as a dog dies and then treating other dogs with antibiotics before they start showing symptoms.

"That's exactly what we recommended to the shelter in Waukesha," Hurley said.

"When we get on top of it really quickly, then it's been a lot easier to get the outbreak under control, so that's good news."

Lynn Olenik, executive director at the Waukesha County shelter, said Friday that the two other dogs that showed early symptoms responded to antibiotics and were expected to survive. No other dogs or other animals at the shelter seem to be affected.

The bacterial strain is becoming better known among shelters and veterinarians, according to Hurley. Still, "I think there's a number of veterinarians and shelters who aren't aware of this because it's so new and it's not widespread."

She recommended keeping dogs vaccinated for other canine respiratory disease and in good health to reduce chances of getting the disease.

Also, "keep your animal out of a shelter by making sure that it has two kinds of identification," she said.

That way, if it winds up at the shelter, it can be quickly identified and sent back home.
___

Associated Press reporter Carrie Antlfinger contributed to this report.

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Dog Acupressure
Submitted by Jory and Miss Bailey
www.baileysskinrescue.com

Acupressure is closely related to acupuncture- a traditional remedy that has been used for thousands of years. The problem with acupuncture is that it doesn’t lend itself to the do it a t home approach. Acupressure on the other hand is something every pet owner can safely perform at home.
Your pet’s body is filled with a type of energy called qi ( chee). This energy flows along pathways or meridians in the body. This links all parts of the body together, such as the organs, skin, muscles and bones. The holistic belief is that when a pet gets sick, the natural flow of energy is out of balance.
You can correct energy imbalances by pressing certain places on the skin called acupressure points. There are 361 acupressure points located along these meridians.
A note for the skeptics. Acupressure WORKS! Scientific studies have shown that the stimulation of these specific points causes the release of brain chemicals, endorphins which relieve pain.
Each point is identified by a letter and number. Below are the meridians with there abbreviations.

BL- Bladder
SI-Small Intestine
TH-Triple Heater
SP-Spleen
CV-Conception Vessel
GV-Governing Vessel
PC-Pericardium (outside of the heart)
ST-Stomach
HT-Heart
LI-Liver
LI-Large Intestine
PC-Pericardium ( outside of the heart)
HT-Heart
LU-Lung
GB-Gall Bladder
SI-Small Intestine

Most acupressure points are located in depressions between muscles and bones. When you pet your cat or dog, feel for depressions in the tissue; this is likely an acupressure point. You may detect subtle changes in temperature over these areas. A hot point often indicates something acute, such as a muscle spasm. Acupressure is very safe! Even if you do not press on the exact point, coming close to it will provide some relief, and definitely you will do no harm.
Place your index finger or thumb on the point and press straight down into the body. Don’t rub. You must press hard enough to make an indentation in the tissue, but not cause pain.
Hold the pressure for 30-60 seconds, then release. Repeat the treatment twice daily. Assess after 5-7 days if it is helping.
A great one to start with, and very common medical problem is Arthritis.
There are a number of acupressure points, but the ones I want you to focus on are:
BL60, on the hind leg on the outside of the ankle, for 1 minute twice daily.
GB 41. This is located on the bottom of the foot, in the depression of the two outside toes. Especially good for arthritic pain in the hips.
LI 4. Located on the front foot, over top of the two inside bones above the toes (metacarpals). This is an important point for pain relief, especially for the shoulder.
Try pressing these points individually or in combination for 2 weeks and assess if it is helping your pet.
Below is a diagram showing where these are located:

BL- Bladder
SI-Small Intestine
TH-Triple Heater
SP-Spleen
CV-Conception Vessel
GV-Governing Vessel
PC-Pericardium ( outside of the heart)
ST-Stomach
HT-Heart
LI-Liver
LI-Large Intestine
PC-Pericardium ( outside of the heart)
HT-Heart
LU-Lung
GB-Gall Bladder
SI-Small Intestine

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Pet Food: The Lowdown on Labels
By Linda Bren

Choosing a pet food from among the cans, bags, and boxes stacked on store shelves can be a daunting experience. Which formulation of food is best? Is my dog old enough for "adult formula"? Does my cat really need "premium"? Will Fido be healthier on "natural" food and will Fluffy fully appreciate "gourmet"?

U.S. consumers spend more than $11 billion a year on cat and dog food, according to the Pet Food Institute. And pet food manufacturers compete for these dollars by trying to make their products stand out among the many types of dry, moist, and semi-moist foods available. Pet food packaging carries such descriptive words as "senior," "premium," "super-premium," "gourmet," and "natural." These terms, however, have no standard definition or regulatory meaning.

But other terms do have specific meanings, and pet foods, which are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), must carry certain information on their labels. Consumers can be confident that their pets are eating a nutritionally sound food if they understand the full significance of these labels.

The Right Stuff: Choosing a Good Pet Food

So how can pet owners choose the right food for their pets? CVM's pet food specialist William Burkholder, D.V.M., Ph.D., recommends examining three parts of the pet food label: the life stage claim, the contact information for the manufacturer, and the list of ingredients.

Pet owners should look for the word "feeding" in the life stage claim (found in the nutritional adequacy statement on the label). This means the food was proven nutritionally adequate in animal feed tests.

Another item to check on the label is the contact information. Pet owners should look for the manufacturer's telephone number. Only the manufacturer's name and address are required, but people should be able to call manufacturers to ask questions about their products, says Burkholder, and manufacturers should be responsive. "They will not tell you how much liver, for example, is in their product, because that's part of their proprietary formula. But they should tell you how much of any nutrient is in the product."

The ingredients list on the label is an area of consumer preference and subjectivity. Pet owners who do or do not want to feed a pet a certain ingredient can look at the list of ingredients to make sure that particular substance is included or excluded.

Some people prefer to pass up animal by-products, which are proteins that have not been heat processed (unrendered) and may contain heads, feet, viscera and other animal parts not particularly appetizing. But protein quality of by-products sometimes is better than that from muscle meat, says Burkholder.

"Meal" is another ingredient that some people like to avoid. In processing meat meal or poultry by-product meal, by-products are rendered (heat processed), which removes the fat and water from the product. Meat or poultry by-product meal contains parts of animals not normally eaten by people.

Some consumers try to avoid pet foods with synthetic preservatives, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ethoxyquin. Ethoxyquin, in particular, has been hotly debated. Current scientific data suggest that ethoxyquin is safe, but some pet owners avoid this additive because of a suspected link to liver damage and other health problems in dogs. CVM has asked pet food producers to voluntarily lower their maximum level of ethoxyquin in dog food while more studies are being conducted on this preservative, and the industry is cooperating.

Many products preserved with naturally occurring compounds, such as tocopherols (vitamin E) or vitamin C, are available. These products have a much shorter shelf life than those with synthetic preservatives, especially once a bag of food is opened.

Some animal nutritionists recommend switching among two or three different pet food products every few months. Burkholder says nutritional advice for people to eat a wide variety of foods also applies to pets. Doing so helps ensure that a deficiency doesn't develop for some as yet unknown nutrient required for good health. When changing pet foods, add the new food to the old gradually for a few days to avoid upsetting the pet's digestive system.

Pet Food Safety and Nutrition

No matter what choice they make, consumers can take comfort in knowing that pet food is manufactured under a series of standards and regulations. These regulations require some nutrients and additives, disallow others, and stipulate certain information that must be on the label. The labels of packages and cans of commercial cat and dog food must list five pieces of information: guaranteed analysis, nutritional adequacy statement, ingredients, feeding guidelines, and the manufacturer's name and address.

With the exception of a nutritional adequacy statement, these items must also appear on commercial food labels for other pets, such as gerbils, snakes, and parakeets.

Guaranteed Analysis

The guaranteed analysis specifies the product's minimum percentages of crude protein and crude fat. It also gives the maximum percentages of crude fiber and moisture. ("Crude" refers to a specific method of measuring the nutrient, and is not an indication of quality.) Although not required, some manufacturers also specify the percentages of other nutrients, such as ash and taurine in cat food, and calcium and phosphorus in dog food.

The amounts of crude protein and most other nutrients appear less for canned products than for dry ones because of differences in moisture content. Canned foods typically contain about 75 percent water, while dry foods contain only about 10 percent.

Nutritional Adequacy

The nutritional adequacy statement assures consumers that a product meets all of a pet's nutritional needs. The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), an advisory body of state and federal feed regulators, develops recommended standards for nutrient contents of dog and cat foods. AAFCO also publishes ingredient definitions and regulations.

The FDA's CVM works in partnership with AAFCO to determine safe pet food ingredients and testing protocols. In addition to federal regulation of pet food, most state governments regulate pet foods and labeling through their agricultural departments. AAFCO has created a model feed bill that states often adopt in their own laws.

CVM gives scientific and regulatory advice to AAFCO and the states on pet food issues, and CVM representatives serve on AAFCO committees and meet regularly with AAFCO's board of directors. CVM investigators also team with AAFCO to check out questionable pet food ingredients or claims.

Manufacturers can show their food meets AAFCO's standards for nutritional adequacy by calculations or by feeding trials. Calculations estimate the amount of nutrients in a pet food either on the basis of average nutrient content of its ingredients, or on results of laboratory tests--but not animal feed tests. If the calculations show that the food provides sufficient nutrients to meet the specific AAFCO nutritional profile referenced, the pet food label will carry a statement like: "(Name of product) is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO (Dog or Cat) Food Nutrient Profiles for (specific life stage)."

Feeding trials signify that the manufacturer has tested the product (or a similar product made by the same manufacturer) in dogs or cats under strict guidelines. Products found to provide proper nutrition based on feeding trials will carry a statement such as: "Animal feeding tests using AAFCO procedures substantiate that (name of product) provides complete and balanced nutrition for (specific life stage)."

Regardless of the method used, the nutritional adequacy statement on a cat or dog food label must also tell which life stage the product is suitable for. AAFCO has established two nutrient profiles each for dogs and cats--growth/lactation and maintenance--to fit their life stages.

Every product must meet at least one of these two profiles. A product intended for growing kittens and puppies, or for pregnant or lactating females, must meet AAFCO's nutrient profile for growth/lactation. Products that meet AAFCO's profile for maintenance are suitable for an adult, non-reproducing dog or cat of normal activity level, but may not be adequate for an immature, reproducing, or hard-working animal. A product may claim that it is for "all life stages" if it is suitable for adult maintenance and also meets the more stringent nutritional needs for growth and reproduction.

Growth/lactation and maintenance are the only nutrient profiles authorized by AAFCO and CVM, so terms like "senior" or "formulated for large breed adults" mean the food meets the requirements for adult maintenance--and nothing more.

Snacks and treats that are clearly identified as such are not required to include a nutritional adequacy statement. But these foods, in all other respects, must meet FDA and state regulations for pet food labeling. Dog chews made from rawhide, bone, or other animal parts (such as pig ears) are also considered "food" since pets eat them. These products must bear a list of ingredients and provide the manufacturer's name and address, but they are not required to give a guaranteed analysis, nutritional adequacy statement, or feeding instructions.

Ingredients

Like human foods, pet foods are regulated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and must be pure and wholesome and contain no harmful substances. They also must be truthfully labeled. Foods for human or pet consumption do not require FDA approval before they are marketed, but they must be made with ingredients that are "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) or ingredients that are approved food and color additives. If scientific data show that an ingredient or additive presents a health risk to animals, CVM can prohibit or modify its use in pet food.

Pet food ingredients must be listed on the label in descending order by weight. However, the weight includes the moisture in the ingredient, which makes it tricky to interpret. "A moist ingredient, such as chicken, which may be 70 percent water, may be listed ahead of a dry ingredient, such as soybean meal, which is only 10 percent water--yet the soy actually contributes more solids to the diet," says Susan Donoghue, V.M.D., owner of Nutrition Support Services, Inc., and past president of the American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition.

Similar materials listed as separate ingredients may outweigh other ingredients that precede them on the list of ingredients. For example, chicken may be listed as the first ingredient, then wheat flour, ground wheat, and wheat middlings. The consumer may believe that chicken is the predominant ingredient, but the three wheat products--when added together--may weigh more than the chicken.

Dietary Supplements

Just as dietary supplements for people are growing in popularity, so are animal food supplements for pets. "Many people treat their dogs and cats like replacement children," says Jennifer Kvamme, D.V.M., associate editor of Petfood Industry magazine. "They want the best for them, and want to give them the types of food and supplements that they would eat themselves."

The FDA considers animal food supplements that are not approved nutrients or GRAS to be unapproved food additives or unapproved new animal drugs. As such, they are not permitted in pet food. Nevertheless, consumers will see on some cat and dog food labels ingredients such as glucosamine and chondroitin, which are claimed to alleviate joint stiffness and pain, and St. John's wort, purported to treat depression and relieve stress.

Neither the FDA nor state feed control officials have the number of employees required to monitor every supplement and food manufacturer and prevent those using unapproved ingredients from selling their products, says Burkholder. "It's a matter of profit incentive versus likelihood of getting caught. The same forces apply for why police cannot write speeding tickets to everyone driving over the speed limit. That doesn't make speeding legal."

Burkholder cautions people to check with their veterinarians before giving their pets supplements, whether alone or in a food product. "Many persons do not appreciate that dogs and cats are not small furry people. They often think that a supplement that they may take themselves is good for their pet, but that may not be the case."

Table Scraps May Be Dangerous

Some people think a food that they eat is good for their pets. Not true. Some human foods, in fact, may be dangerous to pets. "Most pet owners simply do not know that small amounts of chocolate, onions, macadamia nuts and bread dough can be fatal if ingested by a dog," says Steve Hansen, D.V.M., senior vice president of the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. "And cats, in particular, have a body chemistry quite different from ours," and so are susceptible to poisoning from a number of human foods.

Also because of their different body chemistry and nutritional requirements, cats should not be fed dog food, says Burkholder.

Feeding Guidelines

Feeding directions on pet food provide only a broad guideline. Nutritional requirements vary according to a pet's age, breed, body weight, genetics, amount of activity, and even the climate in which the pet lives.

Many owners are guilty of overfeeding their pets, and even a "light" food can cause weight gain if fed in excess of caloric needs. "It's estimated that about 25 percent of dogs and cats that enter a pet clinic are overweight," says Burkholder. Obesity can shorten a pet's life by contributing to heart and liver problems, diabetes, arthritis, bladder cancer, and skin disorders and it can put a pet at higher risk while undergoing anesthesia and surgery. Pet owners should consult their veterinarians for the appropriate amount and type of food to give their pets, especially those that are overweight.

A pet food can claim to be "light" or "lean" only if it meets AAFCO's standard definitions for these terms. These definitions differ for dog and cat food and also depend on the moisture content of the food. The words "light," "lite" and "low calorie" all have the same meaning.

The words "lean" and "low fat" also mean the same. But "less calories" and "reduced calories" mean only that the product has fewer calories than another product, and "less fat" and "reduced fat" mean the product is less fatty than another one. In both cases, the manufacturer must state on the label the percentage of reduction and the product of comparison.

Most pet food labels do not provide calorie content, but consumers can get this information by contacting the manufacturer, whose location must be on the label. Many manufacturers provide a toll-free number for consumers as well as their Web site address.

When a 'Food' is a 'Drug'

Statements that a product can treat, prevent or reduce the risk of a disease are considered drug claims and are not allowed on pet food. CVM also disallows claims such as "improves skin and coat," "prevents dry skin," and "hypoallergenic." Consumers may see phrases such as "promotes healthy skin" and "promotes glossy coat." CVM permits these claims, but any healthy animal that gets adequate nutrition should have these qualities anyway without eating a special food.

Recognizing the close link between diet and disease, CVM does allow certain health-related information on labels to help consumers evaluate pet foods. For example, while a product cannot claim to treat feline lower urinary tract disease, a concern for some cat owners, it may make the claim that the food "reduces urine pH to help maintain urinary tract health," provided data generated by the manufacturer and reviewed by CVM support the statement.

CVM permits some dental claims on pet foods. The jaw movement of animals as they chew on certain foods or treats, or some chemicals in foods, can help reduce plaque and tartar, so CVM allows claims such as "helps control plaque" and "helps control tartar." CVM does not allow claims to treat or prevent gingivitis or periodontal disease because these are drug claims.

Pet owners may see claims such as "improves doggie breath" on pet food or treats. These claims have no regulatory meaning; manufacturers use them simply to promote their products.

The phrase "recommended by veterinarians" also has no regulatory meaning, says Rodney Noel, Ph.D., AAFCO's pet food committee chair and a chemist at Purdue University. "There is no minimum number or percentage of veterinarians required for a company to be able to state its product is recommended by vets," Noel says.

CVM provides manufacturers some latitude in making health claims regarding a category of food known as veterinary medical foods, which consumers can obtain only through a veterinarian. Manufacturers design these foods to treat a particular disease or condition. Although not regulated as drugs, these foods may carry health information in promotional materials for the veterinarian to help them treat their patients correctly.

For additional regulatory information on pet food and labeling, call CVM at 301-594-1755 or visit www.fda.gov/cvm.

Keeping Pet Food Fresh

Always keep canned pet food refrigerated after opening.

If you store dry pet food in a container other than its original bag, be sure to wash the empty container with soap and water before adding food from a new bag. The residual fat that settles on the bottom of the container can become rancid beyond its shelf life (the date stamped on the bag). This spoiled fat may contaminate fresh food added to the container, causing vomiting or diarrhea when fed to your pet.

- -L.B.

Irradiation of Pet Food

In April, the FDA approved an irradiation process that can be used on all animal feed and feed ingredients, including pet food and treats. This process can reduce the risk of contamination from all strains of Salmonella bacteria. Salmonella organisms can cause gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea in people and pets.

Irradiation, which causes chemical changes, is already approved for use on a variety of human foods. Extending this process to pet and other animal foods will increase the safety of the food for both the animals consuming it and the people handling it.

--L.B.

Pet Food and the Risk of 'Mad Cow Disease'

No evidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as "Mad Cow Disease," ever has been detected in horses, dogs, and other pets, such as birds, reptiles, and gerbils. However, a feline version of BSE, first identified in 1989, has been documented in domestic cats in Europe, mostly in the United Kingdom, according to the U.K.'s Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.

No cases of BSE or similar forms of the disease in cats, cows, or humans ever have been found in the United States. "The same precautions that the U.S. government is taking to keep BSE out of this country's cattle are also protecting our pets," says William Burkholder, D.V.M., Ph.D., the FDA's pet food specialist.

Scientists believe BSE is transmitted through animal feed containing certain animal proteins that may harbor the BSE agent. Since 1991, the United States has banned the import of animal foods, including pet food, containing ruminant (such as cattle or sheep) materials from countries with BSE. In 1997, the United States extended the ban to most of Europe.

In December 2000, the U.S. banned imports of animal proteins--from any species--from 31 countries that either are known to have BSE in their cattle herds or are considered at high risk for having it. This means that no meat-containing pet food can legally be imported from a country at risk for BSE.

- -L.B.

Making Sense of 'Light' and 'Lean' in Pet Food

The calorie and fat contents listed below are the maximum limits allowed in dog and cat food labeled "light" or "lean." These definitions are established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials and authorized by the FDA. Comparisons between products in different categories of moisture content are considered misleading.

Dry Foods
(< 20 percent water)

Semi-moist Foods
(20-65 percent water)

Moist Foods
(> 65 percent water)

Light, lite or low calorie

Dogs: 1,409 calories per pound
Cats: 1,477 calories per pound

Dogs: 1,136 calories per pound
Cats: 1,205 calories per pound

Dogs: 409 calories per pound
Cats: 432 calories per pound

Lean or low fat

Dogs: 9 percent fat
Cats: 10 percent fat

Dogs: 7 percent fat
Cats: 8 percent fat

Dogs: 4 percent fat
Cats: 5 percent fat

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CANINE RABIES CHALLENGE STUDIES BEGIN
Submitted by Kris L. Christine
Founder, Co-Trustee / The Rabies Challenge Fund

One of the most important vaccine research studies in veterinary medicine is underway at the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine in Madison. Dr. Ronald Schultz, a leading authority on veterinary vaccines and Chair of the Department of Pathobiological Sciences, has begun concurrent 5 and 7 year challenge studies to determine the long-term duration of immunity of the canine rabies vaccine, with the goal of extending the state-mandated interval for boosters. These will be the first long-term challenge studies on the canine rabies vaccine to be published in the United States.

Dr. Schultz comments that: "We are all very excited to start this study that will hopefully demonstrate that rabies vaccines can provide a minimum of 7 years of immunity."

This research is being financed by The Rabies Challenge Fund, a charitable trust founded by pet vaccine disclosure advocate Kris L. Christine of Maine, who serves as Co-Trustee with world-renowned veterinary research scientist and practicing clinician, Dr. W. Jean Dodds of Hemopet in California. The Rabies Challenge Fund recently met its goal of $177,000 to fund the studies' first year budget with contributions from dog owners, canine groups, trainers, veterinarians, and small businesses. Annual budget goals of $150,000 for the studies must be met in the future.

Dr. Jean Dodds, DVM states: "This is the first time in my 43 years of involvement in veterinary issues that what started as a grass-roots effort to change an outmoded regulation affecting animals will be addressed scientifically by an acknowledged expert to benefit all canines in the future."

Scientific data published in 1992 by Michel Aubert and his research team demonstrated that dogs were immune to a rabies challenge 5 years after vaccination, while Dr. Schultz's serological studies documented antibody titer counts at levels known to confer immunity to rabies 7 years post-vaccination. This data strongly suggests that state laws requiring annual or triennial rabies boosters for dogs are redundant. Because the rabies vaccine is the most potent of the veterinary vaccines and associated with significant adverse reactions, it should not be given more often than is necessary to maintain immunity. Adverse reactions such autoimmune diseases affecting the thyroid, joints, blood, eyes, skin, kidney, liver, bowel and central nervous system; anaphylactic shock; aggression; seizures; epilepsy; and fibrosarcomas at injection sites are linked to rabies vaccinations.

Study co-trustee Kris Christine adds: "Because the USDA does not require vaccine manufacturers to provide long-term duration of immunity studies documenting maximum effectiveness when licensing their products, concerned dog owners have contributed the money to fund this research themselves. We want to ensure that rabies immunization laws are based upon independent, long-term scientific data."

More information and regular updates on The Rabies Challenge Fund and the concurrent 5 and 7 year challenge studies it is financing can be found at the fund's website designed by volunteer Andrea Brin at: www.RabiesChallengeFund.org.

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Vaccination NEWSFLASH
From CarolOnPets.com | Dr. Carol Osborne, DVM
September 28 2007

"I would like to make you aware that all 27 veterinary schools in North America are in the process of changing their protocols for vaccinating dogs and cats. Some of this information will present an ethical & economic challenge to vets, and there will be skeptics.

Some organizations have come up with a political compromise suggesting vaccinations every 3 years to appease those who fear loss of income vs. those concerned about potential side effects. Politics, traditions, or the doctor's economic well being should not be a factor in medical decision.

NEW PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOLOGY

"Dogs and cats immune systems mature fully at 6 months.

Not only are annual boosters for parvo and distemper unnecessary, they subject the pet to potential risks of allergic reactions and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. "There is no scientific documentation to back up label claims for annual administration of MLV vaccines."

If a modified live virus vaccine is given after 6 months of age, it produces an immunity which is good for the life of the pet (ie: canine distemper, parvo, feline distemper). If another MLV vaccine is given a year later, the antibodies from the first vaccine neutralize the antigens of the second vaccine and there is little or no effect. The titer is not "boosted" nor are more memory cells induced."

Not only are annual boosters for parvo and distemper unnecessary, they subject the pet to potential risks of allergic reactions and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. "There is no scientific documentation to back up label claims for annual administration of MLV vaccines."

Puppies receive antibodies through their mother's milk. This natural protection can last 8-14 weeks. Puppies & kittens should NOT be vaccinated at LESS than 8 weeks. Maternal immunity will neutralize the vaccine and little protection (0-38%) will be produced.

Vaccination at 6 weeks will, however, delay the timing of the first highly effective vaccine. Vaccinations given 2 weeks apart suppress rather than stimulate the immune system. A series of vaccinations is given starting at 8 weeks and given 3-4 weeks apart up to 16 weeks of age. Another vaccination given sometime after 6 months of age (usually at 1 year 4 mo) will provide lifetime immunity.

CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DOGS:

Read More:
more Vaccination NEWSFLASH

And a link to the Dr. Jean Dodds Vaccination Protocol:
http://www.doglogic.com/vaccination.htm

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U.S. Free of Canine Rabies Virus
By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Editor - WASHINGTON (Reuters)

Federal health experts declared a small victory against a fatal and untreatable virus on Friday, saying canine rabies has disappeared from the United States.

While dogs may still become infected from raccoons, skunks or bats, they will not catch dog-specific rabies from another dog, the Atlanta-based U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said.

"We don't want to misconstrue that rabies has been eliminated -- dog rabies virus has been," CDC rabies expert Dr. Charles Rupprecht told Reuters in a telephone interview.

Rabies evolves to match the animals it infects, and the strain most specific to dogs has not been seen anywhere in the United States since 2004, Rupprecht said.

While the incubation period for rabies is as long as six years in humans, it is only six months in a dog.

"Even though we still live in a sea of rabies and even though we have rabies viruses circulating among raccoons and foxes and bats, the dog rabies virus, which is the most responsible for dog-to-dog transmission and which is still the greatest burden to humans ... it is that virus that has been eliminated."

Rabies kills 55,000 people a year globally, according to the World Health Organization. It is easily prevented with a vaccine, but many people do not realize they have been infected and once symptoms begin to show, it is almost impossible to treat.

Only one person -- a Wisconsin girl who was put into an intentional coma in 2004 -- has ever been known to have survived rabies infection.

Rupprecht said attempts to treat three victims in the United States and one in Canada have failed. The victims all died.

The virus can infect virtually all mammals, but like most viruses it evolves and can be "typed" genetically. Species-specific strains are well characterized for bats, raccoons and skunks for instance, as well as for dogs.

"A dog rabies is very different from a skunk rabies virus," Rupprecht said.

While cats are susceptible, Rupprecht said there is not a known rabies strain specific to domestic cats.

Mandatory vaccination has created what is known as herd immunity in U.S. dogs, Rupprecht said, and it will be vital to continue this to protect dogs -- and people -- from the virus.

"The elimination of canine rabies in the United States represents one of the major public health success stories in the last 50 years," CDC Director Dr. Julie Gerberding said in a statement.

"However, there is still much work to be done to prevent and control rabies globally."

Canine rabies is still very common in many countries, including much of Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, India, China, the Philippines and elsewhere.

Some island nations such as Japan, New Zealand, Barbados, Fiji, Maldives, and Seychelles are rabies-free.

Greece, Portugal, Norway, Sweden, Uruguay and Chile are also free of rabies.

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How Often Does He REALLY Need a Rabies Shot?
by Ann Brightman - Featured in Animal Wellness Magazine

Morgan is doing all she can to protect her two dogs from overvaccination. “I have a vet who does titer testing instead of giving shots every year,” she says. “My dogs are five years old now, and the tests show they’re still being protected by the vaccines they had when they were pups.” But it’s a different story when it comes to rabies. Morgan lives in a state where rabies shots are required annually, so her vet is obligated to vaccinate her dogs every year, regardless of whether or not they might still be protected by earlier inoculations.

Teresa, meanwhile, is an apartment-dweller whose cat died after suffering an adverse reaction from a rabies vaccine. “I don’t know why I had to get him vaccinated so often when we’re seven floors up and he never went out,” she says. “The chances of him ever coming into contact with a rabid animal were pretty small.”

Serious side effects
It’s a dilemma common to animal lovers across the U.S. and Canada. Some regions still require annual rabies vaccines, while many others now allow the three-year variety, but even that’s too frequent when you consider the negative side effects of over vaccination. “Rabies is the vaccine most associated with adverse reactions because it’s so potent,” says renowned veterinarian Dr. Jean Dodds. “We have a lot of bad reactions, including fatal ones. They usually occur within two to three weeks after vaccination, although they can appear up to 45 days later. Because the rabies vaccine is a neurogenic protein, meaning it affects the nervous system, what you will often see is seizures or seizure-like disorders like stumbling, ataxia, dementia, and some demyelination, where the animals become wobbly and don’t have proper motor skills. You can also have an autoimmune-like destruction of tissues, skin, blood, joints, the liver or kidneys.” Dr. Dodds adds that animals already ill with immune-related diseases such as cancer can be even more negatively affected. “Often, this is the last thing that causes the animal’s demise.”

Despite all this, federal law still demands that companion animals be regularly vaccinated against rabies, even if you keep your animals indoors or live in an area where rabies is unlikely to be a major problem. The main reason is that rabies can afflict humans as well as dogs and cats. “Rabies is fatal to all mammals,” says Dr. Dodds. “This is an issue to protect the public health, not the animals. The primary goal of the law is to protect people from rabies.”

While there’s no denying that rabies is a serious disease, and that both humans and animals need protection from it, the question remains: why subject dogs and cats to the potentially serious side effects of the vaccination on an annual or even a triennial basis, when the duration of immunity (DOI) is probably much longer?

The need for new legislation
It’s a question that Dr. Dodds and several other professionals asked themselves when they started The Rabies Challenge Fund in the fall of 2005. “From challenge trials, we know the DOI for regular vaccines is seven to nine years, if not longer. So why would the rabies vaccines, being so potent, not have an even longer DOI? We decided the thing to do would be to design a study to federal government standards that would determine if the DOI is longer than three years.” Challenge studies in France have demonstrated that the rabies vaccine has a DOI of at least five years, but this information is not accepted by federal and state legislatures in the U.S., hence the need for a domestic study.

The Rabies Challenge Fund is a nation-wide effort. Along with Dr. Dodds, who is based in California, the study involves Dr. Ron Schultz of the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin, and vaccine disclosure activist Kris Christine, who lives in the northeast and has already worked with Dr. Dodds on other vaccine-related issues in that region. “We asked Dr. Schultz to do the study and he was delighted,” says Dr. Dodds. The group was even more delighted when the University of Wisconsin agreed to cover almost half the cost of overhead for the study. “It shows they believe very strongly that this is information we need.”

How will the study work?
Dr. Dodds and her colleagues officially registered The Rabies Challenge Fund in December of last year. Since then, they have been working diligently to raise the money needed to fund the actual study, which will involve two separate groups of 20 dogs each, one to be studied for five years’ DOI, and the other for seven. “We’ll do the two groups in parallel, and continue 20 of the five-year dogs to seven years.” By monitoring the animals’ antibodies and other benchmarks, Dr. Schultz will be able to determine the DOI for the rabies vaccine over these periods, thereby showing that the initial vaccines given to puppies and kittens before they’re a year old remain fully effective for many years, perhaps even for life. The fund will also finance a study of the adjuvants used in rabies vaccines and establish an adverse reaction reporting system.

But more money is needed before work can start. “We require $177,000 in the first year,” says Dr. Dodds. “So far, we have $65,000, so we’re still short of our goal. We also have some pledges that will become active once we achieve 60% of the amount we need. And we’ve had some substantial donations from Canada, even though what we do might not be accepted there. People still felt compelled to donate.”

One of the unique things about The Rabies Challenge Fund is that it’s being funded by animal guardians and others who feel passionate about this issue. “Kris and Ron and I want this to be a grassroots program,” says Dr. Dodds. “We know a company could come in and give us a whole bunch of money to do the study, but it’s nice to know that the project started and evolved from people in the grassroots."

Donations may be sent to The Rabies Challenge Fund Charitable Trust, c/o Hemopet, 11330 Markon Drive, Garden Grove, CA 92841. Or contact Dr. Jean Dodds at Hemopet@hotmail.com or Kris Christine at LedgeSpring@Lincoln.midcoast.com. All donations are tax deductible in the U.S. www.rabieschallengefund.org

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The Importance of Canine Massage
By Jonathan Rudinger RN, LMT - Submitted by Jory and Miss Bailey

Everybody loves a good back rub. When shoulders, knees or wrists feel tight and sore, applying pressure and rubbing them, always helps us feel better. When we experience trauma or emotional hurt, it helps to just to be held. Most babies need to be held and rocked to relax enough to fall asleep. Massage is one person using touch and the intention to help comfort and nurture another. Accepted as an integral part of our culture, massage is one of the bases of our humanness.

Several studies compared infants who have received touch with those who haven't. These comparisons clearly show that those who have not had the benefit of nurturing and gentle touch imprinted on their early developing psyches, had smaller statures, reduced socialization skills and depressed immune systems. There is even a term that is used to describe the condition: stress dwarfism.

Long ago, we accepted the power of massage for helping us humans deal with stress and imbalances. We have been massaging each other for hundreds of thousands of years. Now, we are using massage to comfort and help our pet animals. It is about time.

The benefits that dogs, in particular, get from massage are many. You've read about or heard them all before; otherwise, you wouldn't be interested enough to be reading this article. (It is always easier to preach to believers.) To review, first of all, massage, increases and balances the circulation of all body fluids. This includes blood, lymph, cerebral spinal fluid, interstitial fluids, cellular fluid, saliva, urine, synovial fluid, the fluid lubricating the eyeballs and even the oily wetness on your dog's nose. That's a lot of fluids! Dogs are water cooled and water heated. It is the function of the appropriate movement of water that controls the temperatures throughout their bodies, including core temperatures, organ temperatures, and a range of skin and superficial muscle temperatures. Hot spots, for example, are areas under the skin where the temperature is warmer that the surrounding tissues.

When a dog gets sprains or strains, his body sends additional fluids to the traumatized area to help. Once there, the swelling from the extra fluid increases pressure, and creates heat. Any movement in the area puts pressure on the nerves and is painful; so the body naturally immobilizes itself for a while so that it can heal.

Dogs, like humans, have the innate ability to heal themselves for most conditions. The normal wear and tear of muscles, tendons, ligaments, skin and fascia that dogs have from romping and playing and napping, keep their bodies in a constant state of self maintenance. Dogs, like humans, are social animals. They thrive with touch and atrophy without it.

Difference between petting and massage:

Petting is scratching and rubbing your dog's body and, of course it feels good to him. It may appear similar to massage, however, the impact is substantially - profoundly -- different. The best illustration of the difference is the way your body feels after a professional hour long massage session and a casual shoulder squeeze by a coworker. The shoulder squeeze gives some relief; the full body massage can change your life. PetMassageTM accesses and supports the actual energy within the tissues and helps initiate subtle changes to get the body to function more optimally. It is used to support the intuitive self healing, abilities of animals. Massage is the use of knowledgeable, compassionate touch, fascia releases, understanding and the use of open body-language communication.

Cheryl Schwartz DVM, author of Four Paws Five Directions, the best book I've read that teaches about the uses of Traditional Chinese Medicine for dogs and cats, writes, "Massage is the touch of the physical and energetic body with a healing purpose." The energy body that massage affects is this energy within the tissues. It is the invisible god-stuff called "Ch'i" that emanates from acupressure points and flows subcutaneously throughout the body via the meridian pathways. The Ch'i is also in the blood as it flows through the body supplying to every cell its necessary nourishment and removing waste products. It is the autoimmune system. It is in the air that the body breathes. The quality of the air, the depth and rate of respiration, the other influences in the air, all affects your dog's immune system and the way he lives and operates within his body.

The energetic body is really what we access with massage. It is within and around the dog. The energetic body retains the memory of everything that has been experienced or thought or even mistakenly projected, such as fears and phobias. The energetic body retains muscle memory. It defines the way dogs hold their bodies and move their bodies. It also determines the way dogs respond to other dogs, how well they can digest their foods, and how they relate to people and to their environments. In other words, it is the substrate or matrix from which dogs experience their lives. The energetic body includes the genetic -- or cultural memories that would, for instance, cause a 9 month-old Newfoundland puppy who had never been swimming before to break away from his owners to plunge into a cold river and swim and rescue a child that had fallen through the ice several hundred yards away. Massage connects with this substrate. It has the capacity to support what is functioning well and release hidden, restraining energy-memories that could be the root causes of diseases and inappropriate behaviors.

Dogs understand what your intentions are by interpreting your body language and the way you touch them. Dogs use your touch to enhance their awareness' of their relationships with the spaces around them by internally palpating their own bodies. They evaluate you and their spontaneous and potential relationships with you. PetMassageT works with the dog's body, not on the dog's body. The difference between massage and rubbing/petting is intention with technique.

We care deeply about the quality of the food our dogs eat. We groom them ourselves, or pay someone else to groom them for us. We make sure they get the best health care available and lots of exercise. Dr. Michael W. Fox, DVM in his book, Healing Touch describes how important touch and massage are for dog's well being and quality of life. He states that ".you could almost call it an essential of health care, like grooming, feeding, and exercise." This perception accurately projects the importance of massage. Now we understand that for them to experience their optimal quality of life possible, they NEED massage.

Pet MassageT is not only important, then. It is crucial for the well being of your dog. Let's elaborate on the benefits. Consider your connection -- your relationship with your dog. Special? Right. Unique? Right. Right? Right.

Our relationship was built on trust, shared experiences, support, and unconditional connected ness. And that is just on the physical level that we can see, hear, feel, smell and feel. Our intuitive selves are busy chatting away; sharing wisdom, love, even images through dreams and psychic experiences. Just as a wave is the entire ocean manifesting itself as a wave, there is a larger, deeper, wider, multifaceted universe that is the substrate for the one we know through experience and limited perception. This is the universe of the intuitive. It is beyond time and space. Yet, you and your dog are standing in it, you, with your two feet, him, with his four. Your inner voice, your unconscious is in perpetual communication with your dog's inner voice. Because of your relationship, your bodies not only talk to themselves they help each other as guides and mentors. As part of its main function, the specialized touch of massage is an effective enhancer of deeper levels of connectiveness.

With massage, your dog becomes more comfortable in his body. He becomes more flexible and more sociable. He metabolizes his food and water better. He metabolizes his experiences and social interactions more optimally. He enhances his trust and loving relationship with you. I know that the following phrase has been used so many times that it has lost its meaning. The mass media has a way of trivializing important concepts with inane repetition. I will write it anyway: With massage, your dog becomes healthier in his mind, body and spirit. That's important.

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Canine Vaccine Survey
by Canine Health Concern, England
Submitted by Jory and Miss Bailey
www.baileysskinrescue.com
It is well known that there are risks associated with vaccination of dogs, just as there are risks for humans. The trouble is, no one has adequately quantified the risks. Is it true that only a tiny minority of dogs suffer adverse reactions to vaccines, or is the problem more common? And what is a vaccine reaction? Is it something that happens immediately after the jab, or can you expect a reaction to manifest weeks or months later?

Christopher Day, Honorary Secretary of the British Homoeopathic Veterinary Association, told us that, in his experience, where the start date of a dogs illness is known, a high percentage (around 80%) begin within three months of vaccination.

Canine Health Concern tested this observation and has analyzed the histories of over 3,800 dogs post vaccination. This critical mass, by any standards, is a very high number from which to draw valid statistical conclusions. Most commercial scientific research involves significantly fewer dogs (tending to base their conclusions on data involving a couple of litters of puppies, if that). We have been able to show a definite statistical correlation between a vaccine event and the onset of a number of specific illnesses. Our published conclusions have satisfied mathematical or inferential statistical tests at a level of confidence of 99% or better.

Overall, we found that 66% per cent of all sick dogs start being sick within three months of vaccination, which is considerably more than double the expected rate of illness. Worse, 49% of all illnesses reported in the survey occurred within 30 days of vaccination. This is over five times the expected percentage if vaccination had no bearing on subsequent illness. More damning still, 29% of sick dogs first became sick within seven days of their vaccine jab. This means that a dog is 13 times more likely to become ill within seven days of vaccination than at any other time.

In the study, 69.2% of allergic dogs first became allergic within three months of being vaccinated - more than double the expected number. 55.8% of dogs with autoimmune disease developed the condition within three months of being vaccinated - again, more than twice the expected figure. Of dogs with colitis, 65.9% developed the complaint within three months of being vaccinated and, of dogs with dry eye/conjunctivitis, 70.2% developed their conditions within three months - both nearly three times higher than expected. 73.1% of dogs with epilepsy first became epileptic within three months of vaccination. As 2% of all dogs in the UK are epileptic, vaccines are clearly causing horrendous damage. For statisticians, our Chi score for epilepsy is 96: any Chi test statistic higher than twelve gives a 95% confidence about the conclusions. Without doubt, then, the majority of epileptic dogs in our survey are vaccine damaged.

But perhaps most astonishing is the fact that a majority of dogs (64.9%) with behavioral problems appear to have developed their difficulties within three months of vaccination. Similarly, 72.5% per cent of dogs with nervous or worrying dispositions became nervous within three months of their jabs (with a Chi score of 112), and 73.1% per cent of dogs with short attention spans lost their attentiveness within three months of vaccination.

All of our evidence ties in with research in the human field, and a growing body of veterinary research, which says that vaccines cause allergies, hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune disease, encephalitis, epilepsy, personality changes and brain damage.

The CHC results are statistically very significant, and carry with them very high statistical certainty. This means that the evidence is strong that the above diseases can be triggered or caused by vaccination.

Other diseases that were highly represented within three months post vaccination included cancer (35.1%) , chorea (81%), encephalitis (78.6%), heart conditions (39.2%), kidney damage (53.7%), liver damage/failure (61.5%), paralysis of the rear end (69.2%), and pancreas problems (54.2%). Research conducted at Purdue University shows routinely vaccinated dogs developing auto antibodies to a vast range of normal canine biochemical's - which corroborates our findings.

Interestingly, our study showed that arthritis and Chronic Destructive Reticulo Myelopathy (CDRM - a degenerative disease affecting myelin in the spinal cord) occur in clusters nine months after vaccination, suggesting that the damage from vaccines resulting in these two diseases takes longer to develop or to show their symptoms.

Many contend that vaccines are a necessary evil; that we need them to protect our dogs against certain deadly canine diseases. However, our survey found that high percentages of dogs are developing the diseases we vaccinate against, soon after vaccination.

Of dogs with hepatitis, 64% contracted it within three months of being vaccinated and, of those with parainfluenza, 50% developed it within three months of their shots. Also, 69% of dogs with parvovirus, 56% of dogs with distemper, and every single dog with leptospirosis in the survey contracted the diseases within three months of vaccination.

Our figures support the view that vaccines don't confer guaranteed immunity and may actually cause the diseases they're designed to prevent. Our figures appear to demonstrate that vaccines cause illness in one in every hundred dogs - and this is a conservative estimate. For human beings, the World Health Organization considers a reaction of one in 10,000 unacceptable. Surely the same statistics apply to dogs. Worse - and bordering on corporate dog slaughter - is the fact that we are urged to vaccinate companion animals every year. There is no scientific justification for this; it is a crime.

This research is ongoing. For further details or to participate, contact
Canine Health Concern @ Box 6943, Forfar, Angus DD8 3WG, Scotland
Thank you.
Catherine O¹Driscoll / Canine Health Concern

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Weaning and Raising Puppies On a Raw Diet
By Lew Olson, PhD Natural Health, LMSW-ACP

Weaning and Raising Puppies on a Raw Diet

The best food in the world to feed puppies less than four weeks of age is their own mother ' s milk. It is "complete and balanced" and is the most nutritious food for puppies. The milk from a nursing female canine is higher in fat and protein than both cow and goat ' s milk. It contains all the nutrients puppies need and in the proper balance. A young puppy ' s digestive tract is designed to digest this whole food perfectly. Until a puppy is four weeks of age, their digestive system is not properly equipped to digest any other whole food. Occasionally it becomes necessary to feed puppies food other than mother ' s milk before they are four weeks of age. This can happen because of a lack of milk production, a large litter, or an illness in or the death of the mother. Although it is impossible to reproduce mother ' s milk exactly, in these instances where it isn ' t possible to feed mother ' s milk, the food substituted should be as close to it as possible.

Mother's Milk Replacement Formula for Puppies up to Four Weeks

One pint of goat’s milk, either fresh, in cartons from the store, or evaporated. (If evaporated, be sure to dilute as directed with water)
Two egg yolks
Two EPA Fish Oil capsules
1/2 teaspoon Berte ' s Ultra Probiotic Powder
Four to six tablespoons whole milk plain yogurt

The egg yolks offer the extra needed protein. The EPA Fish Oil offers the extra fat and Omega-3 fatty acids, and the Ultra Probiotic Powder and yogurt provide the beneficial bacteria needed for proper digestion. Be sure to mix the mixture well and serve it to the puppies at room temperature.

Weaning Diet After Four Weeks

Once the puppies reach four weeks of age, other foods can be introduced and added to their diet. Start with the above mixture and begin adding a bit of meat such as ground beef, cottage cheese or yogurt. As the week progresses, you can add in tiny bits of beef kidney, beef heart, canned mackerel, a small bit of liver, and egg (both yolk and egg white). Chicken necks can be introduced at this time. I remove the skin, and cut the necks into smaller pieces. The size of the pieces depends on the size of the puppies. For toy breeds, necks can be ground. You can leave some of the necks whole for recreational chewing. Pork neck bones are also good for chewing and entertainment. Later in the week, I introduce chicken wings. For larger puppies I cut these in two pieces. Medium sized breeds may need these cut into four pieces, while smaller dogs can be cut into smaller pieces.

Once you have begun to add in other foods, if the mother is still willing to nurse, please allow her to continue. Her milk is still the perfect food and is a wonderful addition to the weaning diet.

Trimming the puppies nails helps to encourage the mother to continue nursing the puppies. However, the mother may refuse to clean stools after other foods have been added to the puppy's diet. This is normal. I generally offer the puppies four or five meals per day. I give one meal of raw meaty bones, consisting of chicken necks, wings or backs, pork bones, and pork, beef and lamb ribs.

The other main meal is red meat (beef, pork or lamb). You may substitute mackerel, salmon or sardines once or twice a week. I also add organ meat to make up about 10% of the meat meal. I use mostly kidney (beef, pork or lamb), with some slivers of liver. While not necessary, you may add ground or pureed vegetables if you prefer. Good choices include dark leafy greens, zucchini, broccoli and cabbage. Make sure these are less than 1/6th of the total diet.

The other meals are "snack" meals of goat's milk, yogurt, eggs and cottage cheese.

Supplements

In addition to the foods, I also add in to the puppy's diet the following supplements:

Berte's Daily Blend for the B complex vitamins, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Vitamin A and Vitamin D which helps metabolize calcium. Berte ' s Daily Blend is very palatable and comes in a convenient powder form for easy measuring and mixing with food. Small and medium breed puppies get 1/4 teaspoon twice a day and large breed puppies get 1/2 teaspoon twice a day.

Berte's Green Blend for the additional minerals and phytonutrients that are needed. Small and medium breed puppies get 1/8 teaspoon twice a day and large breed puppies get 1/4 teaspoon twice a day.

Berte's Ultra Probiotic Powder to maintain a good supply of beneficial bacteria in the digestive system which aids in proper digestion. Give 1/4 teaspoon twice a day for small to medium breed puppies and 1/2 teaspoon twice a day for large breed puppies.

EPA Fish Oil is given at one capsule per ten to twenty pounds of body weight daily.

Changing a Puppy Raised on Commercial Feed to Home Made

Many of us don't get a chance to whelp and rear our own puppies, so here are some tips for when you bring your new puppy home.

Start your new puppy on small, frequent meals to ease the diet change. Most puppies do fine with a complete switch to a home made diet, but you can mix the kibble with the meat meal. It is important to work with what you are most comfortable doing and what seems to work best for the puppy. Make mealtimes as stress free as possible and try to keep the feeding times consistent. Some puppies may not know what to do with fresh food, so you can mix the meat, yogurt and eggs with their kibble to start. However, do not feed raw meaty bones with their kibble meal. They should be fed as a separate meal. Some dogs will react to texture and temperature, so try to keep their food close to room temperature. Some puppies may be delighted to get raw meaty bones, while others may need to start on ground or cut up pieces. The use of a good meat scissors will help with this, as well as meat cleavers or even pounding the raw meaty bone with a hammer to help break it up in the beginning.

Always remember that puppies need to eliminate after eating, and often like to take a nap after their meal and potty break.

Berte's Zyme is a blend of digestive enzymes which can be helpful transitioning a puppy that has been raised on kibble to a home made diet. These help break down and assimilate the food. Give small and medium breed puppies 1/4 tablet with the two main meals, large breed puppies give 1/2 tablet for these two meals.

How Much To Feed

I recommend starting with four meals a day. Begin with introducing chicken backs or necks skinned and cut into pieces (or pound them with a hammer) for one meal. Another meal can be meat (beef, pork, lamb for example) and this can be ground or in small chunks or pieces. The other two meals can be the snack meals of goat's milk, yogurt and egg.

Puppies need to be fed about 10% of their body weight, until the fast growth stages have passed. This is a longer period for large to giant breeds (up to 12 to 18 months) and as short as six months for toy breeds. After that, they will require 2% to 3% of their body weight daily in food. While most dogs do fine on two meals a day, toy breeds have a higher metabolism and do better on three to four meals a day.

For example, a ten pound puppy would be eating about a pound of food a day. The two main meals would be about six ounces each, with the two snack meals being two ounces each. (16 oz per pound, with one cup being approximately 8 oz)

Below is a sample diet, both for puppies raised on raw, and also puppies just starting on raw:

Meal One

Goat ' s milk (fresh or canned)
One whole egg (yolk and white, no shell)
Two tablespoons of whole milk yogurt

Mix well and serve at room temperature

Meal Two

Two or three ounces of either hamburger, liver, sliced beef heart, kidney or gizzards
One tablespoon of whole milk yogurt

Optional: One to two tablespoons of pulped vegetables, which should be mostly dark leafy greens such as collards, spinach, turnip greens or mustard greens. You can also use some carrots, cabbage or broccoli, squash, cauliflower or canned pumpkin in a pinch. Mix the meat and vegetables well.

Add in the following supplements:

Berte's Daily Blend (1/4 teaspoon for small to medium breeds, 1/2 teaspoon for large breed puppies)
Berte's Green Blend (1/8 teaspoon for small to medium breeds, 1/4 teaspoon for large breed puppies)
Berte's Ultra Probiotic Powder (1/4 teaspoon for small to medium breeds, 1/2 teaspoon for large breed puppies)
EPA Fish Oil (one capsule per 10-20 lbs of body weight daily)
Berte's Zyme for puppies switching to a home made diet (1/4 tablet for small or medium breed puppies, 1/2 tablet for large breed puppies)

Meal Three

Goat ' s milk (fresh or canned)
One whole egg (yolk and white, no shell)
Two tablespoons of whole milk yogurt

Mix well and serve at room temperature

Meal Four

Three to five chicken necks or two to three chicken wings

Add in the following supplements

Berte's Daily Blend (1/4 teaspoon for small to medium breeds, 1/2 teaspoon for large breed puppies)
Berte's Green Blend (1/8 teaspoon for small to medium breeds, 1/4 teaspoon for large breed puppies)
Berte's Ultra Probiotic Powder (1/4 teaspoon for small to medium breeds, 1/2 teaspoon for large breed puppies)
EPA Fish Oil (one capsule per 10-20 lbs of body weight daily)
Berte's Zyme for puppies switching to a home made diet (1/4 tablet for small or medium breed puppies, 1/2 tablet for large breed puppies)

Meal Five (Bedtime or Play)

Pork neck bones. These bones are soft a good choice for recreational chewing. Other good choices are pork, beef or lamb ribs. Eventually you will begin to phase out the milk and egg meals. The puppies will usually phase down to three meals per day by about 3 to 4 months of age. When you phase the first milk meal out, add the egg into the meat and vegetable meal. The second milk meal can be phased out around the time the puppy reaches five to six months of age.

I have found it important and necessary to be flexible with the puppy's meals and the different food ingredients because each puppy is different. The amount of food they eat may vary depending on the growth stage they are in, teething time, etc. Their personal preferences will also vary. Some puppies may like vegetables while others will turn their noses up at them. Watch the puppies closely. They will let you know what they need.

Percentage of Raw Meaty Bones for Calcium and Variety

The two most important balancing factors in the diet is raw meaty bones, which provide the proper calcium to phosphorus balance, and a variety of food items, which include a variety of meats (red meat, poultry, fish and organ meat), eggs, vegetables, and dairy. Organ meat should be about 10% of the meals, using more kidney and just a few slivers of liver.

Finally, a primary concern with changing a puppy's or a dog's diet is gastric upset. Should this occur, fast the puppy for a few hours and then introduce the meals in smaller portions. Be sure to reduce the fat for a day or so. The two most common reasons for upset tummies is overfeeding, or too much fat in the diet. Should this continue, always check with your veterinarian on the puppy's health and have a fecal check done to rule out parasites.

If your puppy experiences gastric upset, here are two simple home remedies to help with tummy problems:

Diarrhea

The primary cause for diarrhea is over eating. Use plain canned pumpkin to help firm stools. Give dogs weighing up to 30 pound 1/2 teaspoon, dogs 30 - 60 pounds one teaspoon and dogs over this weight about two teaspoons to a tablespoon.

Vomiting

Boil cabbage for about 15 - 20 minutes and let cool. It can quickly help to settle the stomach. Give at two 2 cc ' s (one teaspoon equals 5 cc ' s) per 10 pounds of body weight as needed.

Bean and Lew would like to wish everyone a Happy Saint Patrick's Day, and let's all enjoy the fact that spring is around the corner!

If you would like to ask me any questions about my products, I would love to hear from you. Please check your return address when you send me email from my web site and try to write me again if you have not heard back from me. You can email me at lew@b-naturals.com

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Bailey’s Skin Rescue -- Mother Nature knows best
Dog trainer comes up with her own cure
By Larry Powell/Spectator

Necessity became the mother of invention recently when a local dog owner’s ‘best friend’ developed a skin staph infection that was getting worse despite recommendations of various topical medications by her veterinarian.

Jory and Alex Smith’s four-year-old, female Rottweiler, Steinplatz Callisto Bailey, developed the skin infection as a result of bites from insects and the infection was spreading, so Jory got busy researching natural remedies and Mother Nature came to the rescue.

A combination of tea tree and lavender essential oils, acidophilus were first tried and worked well except that the oils were too drying to the skin, so she found a natural botanical cream base which also includes extracts of chamomile, avocado, echinacea, green tea, cucumber and sea kelp and various plant oils and Bailey’s Skin Rescue was ready.

Within seven days, the infection was cleared.

Jory Smith and Miss Bailey

Tea tree and lavender essential oils have anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, and anti-viral properties and have inhalant properties which are also said to help boost the immune system. The acidophilus provides friendly normal bacteria at the skin’s surface to assist as well, and the special cream base keeps the skin supple and helps with cutaneous delivery of the essential oils.

“The great thing about this formula, says Jory, is that it stops any itching almost on contact and the healing process starts right away. Anyone who has ever had a dog that has developed an itchy skin condition like hot spots, etc. knows that the itching causes the dog to lick and keep irritating the site -- this stops the itching and therefore the licking and the stress to the dog and the healing starts.”

“Of course, anyone should always take their dog to their veterinary to be checked if there is a skin problem,” she says. “There are natural remedies for many ailments.”

Bailey's Skin Rescue is available at Home Hardware in Middleton and
Valley Natural Foods in Greenwood with other stores coming on line.
You can also order from our website: Canine Coach On Call

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Innovative Treatment Program for Canine Cancer Announced
From K9 Magazine

A British company has announced a breakthrough in the treatment of one of the biggest cancer killers in dogs.

An effective and innovative screening, detection and treatment programme for canine lymphoma, one of the most prolific cancers in dogs has been announced by PetScreen, a pioneering British bioscience company.

It is the first of its kind to be made commercially available from PetScreen’s Veterinary Cancer Programme, which was launched in the United States in January and in the UK in April at leading veterinary conference and congress events.

The lymphoma screen comes after extensive research by PetScreen in both British and North American markets into canine cancer, and will be available through selected veterinary hospitals and primary practices in both markets.

The screen itself is based on technology which has emerged post the sequencing of both the human and canine genome and enables malignancies to be detected earlier, when treatment has the best chance of success.

Inexpensive, convenient and minimally invasive the screen relies on a small blood serum sample. PetScreen has developed advanced ‘proteomic’ technology uniquely for companion animals, specifically canine at this moment.

Their system looks for characteristic patterns to detect lymphoma biomarkers from the blood ‘fingerprint’. Ideally, a mature puppy would be sampled at twelve months, thereafter yearly, but in high risk breeds a six monthly screen is recommended. In addition, any dog which may have been treated for lymphoma should be screened bi-annually for recurrence.

UK published evidence says that 25% of all cancers in dogs is attributed to lymphoma. High risk breeds in both the UK and US for lymphoma cancer include golden and flat-coated retrievers, german shepherds, bull mastiffs and certain breeds of spaniels, including English and Irish water spaniels. At risk breeds include boxers, Bernese mountain dogs and rottweilers. Whilst this list is by no means exhaustive the screen should be regarded as part of an overall wellness programme for all breeds.

If cancer is detected, a combined rapid histopathology and individualised chemotherapy programme is available which helps select the most effective treatment for each individual patient. PetScreen’s Directed Chemotherapy Assay (DCA) highlights resistance from the start and identifies the treatment most likely to be effective from the start.

PetScreen is one of a new generation of companies to utilise technologies which are emerging as a result of genome research. Using advanced bio-marker technology linked to state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, robotics and unique neural software, the serum sample creates the fingerprint which patterns proteins in the blood and enables cancers to be identified.

The problems associated with the late detection of cancers are well understood, and whilst proteomic screening is still at an early stage in humans, the work that PetScreen are undertaking in the canine world could have a significant impact on human cancer screening in the very near future.

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Dogs and the Immune System
B-Naturals Newsletter - September 2006
By Lew Olson,
PhD Natural Health, LMSW-ACP

Dogs and the Immune System

Often I hear people discussing their dogs and the immune system, so in this newsletter I would like to talk about the difference between autoimmune problems and a suppressed immune system. While both of these conditions involve the immune system, they each require a different treatment approach.

The immune system has a variety of functions, so it’s important to keep a watchful eye out for any bacteria and viruses in the body and to be prepared to set up the correct treatment response to try and help the body fight the ‘invaders’ to their health. A healthy body can often detect the first sign of infections, parasites, mites and toxins, and launch an effective battle to fight these enemies. However, sometimes the body fails to recognize these bacteria and viruses ‘invaders’ as threats or the body may be too weak to effectively fight them or the body can interpret ‘normal’ things as the ‘enemy.’

Immune Suppressed

When your dog’s body is immune suppressed, oftentimes it can not fight off bacteria and viruses like a dog that has a healthy immune system. Dogs that are rundown with illness or suffer from malnutrition can be susceptible to skin and intestinal parasites because their bodies are too weak to fight them off. Additionally, young puppies have immature immune systems and therefore, a puppy can be more prone to problems with mange or parasites such as worms. Most of us have seen dogs that have been in shelters or found abandoned. These dogs oftentimes have fleas, ticks, mange and skin bacterial or fungal infections (characterized by hair loss and flakey skin). While a normal, healthy dog can easily fight off these insults, a dog that is health compromised or stressed may find itself in an ideal situation for such opportunistic ailments. These dogs need a good health check up to determine proper treatment, as well as a good diet and some supplements that can help the immune system become stronger.

Autoimmune

In an autoimmune condition, the immune system tends to ‘over react’ to the ‘normal’ things found in the body, in their food and the environment. A dog that has an autoimmune issue has an immune system that sees these ‘normal’ things as the enemy. It will send out antibodies to try and rid the body of these things it sees as not belonging. A good example of this would be food allergies. A food that is considered healthy and normal for a dog will suddenly be misinterpreted by the dog’s system to be foreign and the dog’s body launches a response to it. This can consist of hives, itching, red skin, sores, runny eyes and sometimes ear discharge.

More dramatic and troubling disorders can involve more serious diseases such as lupus, hemolytic anemia, immune mediated arthritis and some thyroid conditions. The body will literally try to destroy the good cells in it’s body, causing serious health problems.

In autoimmune conditions, the treatment is to suppress the body’s immune system in order to stop the body from performing this action. While some people are hesitant to use steroids for these problems, it is only steroids that can do the work quickly enough to stop further harm. You always need to work closely with your veterinarian when using suppressant drugs as these, but they can be very important to restore the dog’s health.

Here are some links on autoimmune conditions and dogs:

Dr Mike’s good vet information with questions and answers:

http://www.vetinfo.com/dimmune.html

Good list of common autoimmune problems and dogs with links

http://www.canine-epilepsy-guardian-angels.com/ImmuneSystem.htm

Autoimmune skin problems in dogs:

http://www.utskinvet.org/vinmodb2004/Autoimmune_Skin_Disorders.htm

List of breeds and their most autoimmune problems:

http://www.nhm.org/exhibitions/dogs/research/disorders.html

Appropriate treatment and diagnosis is very important for any suspected autoimmune disease. Diet is helpful in finding the most easily digestible foods with the most nutrients, to help support the immune system during this time. The same supplements are used with both autoimmune and immune suppressing problems.

There is no natural supplement or herbal remedy that can over stimulate the immune system, so there is no fear of using these supplements with either disorder. Both are aimed at helping the immune system find a healthy balance.

Diet

For both conditions, I recommend easily digestible foods. This would either be a raw diet, or a home cooked diet. If you are currently feeding a commercial dog food and feel uncomfortable switching to raw or homemade, then I suggest adding fresh food to your current food.

For more information on Raw diets you can reference http://b-naturals.com/May2006.php

For more information on home cooked diets and recipes you can reference http://b-naturals.com/Apr2006.php

For more information on mixing fresh food with kibble you can reference http://b-naturals.com/Jan2005.php

I would also suggest doing some reading on how to pick the best commercial foods. Mary Straus has an excellent article on this on her website http://www.dogaware.com

Supplement Suggestions

Bertes Immune Blend

This supplement has been especially designed for dogs with immune problems, including cancer (which is partially caused when the dog does not ‘see’ the cancer cells as invaders). This is a powder blend, which uses vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes, amino acids and beneficial bacteria (probiotics) to help with the first defense.

The antioxidants in this blend include vitamin C and vitamin E. Both of these help in healing of tissue and promoting healing. These are added in sufficient amounts to help work in a therapeutic nature.

The enzymes added are to help with digestion of food, by aiding in breaking them down in the stomach to make these nutrients more available for the body.

Beneficial bacteria help by keeping the good flora and fauna in the digestive system, which helps keep the body strong, helps with formation of good stool, aids in better digestion of food and assists in keeping good amounts of B production and vitamin K.

The two amino acids added are l-glutamine and l-arginine. L-glutamine helps to stop muscle atrophy, helps to heal the digestive system and promotes a healthy immune system. L-arginine is useful for dogs with cancer and works in tangent with l-glutamine.

I like this blend so well that I give it to all my dogs. I simply give my healthy dogs this supplement at half dose.

EPA Fish Oil Capsules

These contains a readily usable form of omega 3 fatty acids, which help support the immune system, enhance skin health and coat growth, are renal, heart and liver supportive and also are a food that cancers are unable to use. I give dogs with health problems one capsule per ten lbs of body weight daily.

Tasha’s Immune System Formula

This is an herbal tincture that is comprised of several herbs thought to keep the immune system healthy. One of the main ingredients is Ganoderma, which is extract of mushroom and research is showing good results with Ganoderma, including possible suppression of tumor growth. Give in the gum line, two to three times daily in between meals.

Yucca Intensive

This is tincture of Yucca, and uses the liquid found in this plant, which is thought to be the anti-inflammation property. This cannot be given if you are already giving your dog steroids, as it is a saponin, which is a precursor of steroid agents. But it can be used in mild cases where steroids are not indicated, after steroid use, or to help in inflammation caused by allergies, arthritis or other joint pain. Give one drop per ten lbs of body weight, WITH food, twice daily.

These supplements are a good place to start. If you need further help, please email me directly at lewolson@earthlink.net!

I hope everyone is starting to enjoy Fall, with its promise of cooler weather and our beautiful fall colors! I will see you next month, keep well and be well!

Lew

Product Specials

No Specials in September.

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Study Finds That a Type of Cancer in Dogs Is Contagious
Researchers Say Data on Canine Sticker's Sarcoma Illustrate the Resourcefulness of DNA
By Rick Weiss
Washington Post Staff Writer
Friday, August 11, 2006

Scientists in England have gathered definitive evidence that a kind of cancer in dogs is contagious -- a peculiar exception to the age-old medical wisdom that you can't "catch" cancer.
Although no human cancer is known to spread naturally from person to person, the finding of such a disease in dogs -- and emerging evidence that a different contagious cancer is spreading among marsupials in Tasmania -- is a reminder, scientists said, that under the rules of evolution, DNA will try anything to perpetuate itself.
A cancer cell is usually an animal's or person's own cell that -- because of exposure to a virus or other environmental agent -- has broken free of normal growth controls. Cancer-causing viruses may spread from person to person, but the cancer does not. But the dog cancer, known as Sticker's sarcoma, is spread by tumor cells getting passed from dog to dog through sex or from animals biting or licking each other.
Because Sticker's sarcoma is usually not fatal -- and because some of the tumor cells reside in the dogs' genital tracts, where it's a small leap from one animal to another during sex -- today's worldwide distribution of Sticker's tumors represents a single colony of cancer cells, the new research concludes.
Indeed, scientists suspect that the colony, distributed among countless dogs, may be the longest in the world.
"I rather thought we might disprove this, but it came out the other way around," said Robin Weiss, of University College London, who led the study appearing in today's issue of the journal Cell. "It is clearly a dog tumor cell behaving absolutely like a parasite." Weiss called the tumor transmission trick "a curiosity of nature."
Scientists have suspected for decades that Sticker's was being passed directly from dog to dog, but doubts persisted because no other naturally transmitted cancers were known. Rarely, recipients of human organ transplants have "caught" cancer from tumor cells hiding in the organs they received.
Weiss and his colleagues did genetic studies on the tumor cells from 40 dogs with Sticker's sarcoma, collected from five continents. The researchers showed that the cells are not genetically related to the dogs they are in -- proof that they did not arise from the dogs' own cells. They also showed that all the tumor cells, no matter where they were collected, are clones of each other. That is, they are all progeny of the same parent cell.
Further genetic studies by Weiss's team suggested that the parent cell probably arose in a domesticated dog of Asian origin -- perhaps a husky -- hundreds of years ago, and perhaps more than 1,000 years ago. Since then, the cancer has perpetuated itself by jumping from one dog to another.
Studies suggest that, unlike most tumor cells, which contribute to their own demise by becoming increasingly genetically fragile, Sticker's tumor cells are remarkably genetically stable, perhaps explaining in part their evolutionary success.
Robert A. Weinberg, a pioneer in the genetic underpinnings of cancer at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Mass., said he was not surprised to learn that genetic studies had confirmed that Sticker's is a transmissible cancer, given the strength of earlier clues. But he agreed that the phenomenon raises difficult questions about why more cancers do not spread this way.
"We really don't understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics that would lead to this sort of thing and its transmission from one individual to another," Weinberg said.
Both Weinberg and Weiss expressed concern about the recently reported discovery of a similarly transmissible cancer spreading through populations of Tasmanian devils, the notoriously bad-tempered carnivorous marsupial.
"They fight a lot and have been spreading these facial tumors through bites," Weiss said. "The cancer cells clog up the jaw, and the poor animals die of starvation." Some experts believe that the epidemic could threaten the devil with extinction.

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Canine Influenza
International Society for Infectious Diseases
Date: 25 Mar 2006.

One of 3 cases of highly contagious dog flu confirmed by a lab at the University of California, Davis, (UC Davis) was found in a San Francisco puppy, veterinary researchers announced Friday.

A lab at UC Davis detected canine influenza virus in dogs from 3 states using a new test that employs DNA technology to provide rapid, accurate diagnosis of the highly contagious disease.

Since November 2005, scientists have tested more than 100 samples from dogs suspected of having canine influenza. All of the samples turned out to be negative until 23 Feb 2006, when the first of the 3 positive samples was diagnosed.

That first case involved a fatal outbreak of disease in a Colorado animal shelter. It was followed by a case in San Francisco, in which an imported puppy became ill but recovered, as did its household-mates.

The 3rd case involved a fatal outbreak in a Florida animal shelter.

"There is no reason for dog owners to panic over the confirmation of these cases," said Christian Leutenegger of the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. "Any dog that exhibits upper respiratory symptoms, such as a persistent cough or nasal discharge, should be routinely examined by a local veterinarian."

Dog flu is an upper respiratory disease, first reported in January 2004 in racing greyhounds at a Florida racetrack.

To date, antibodies to canine influenza virus have been detected in dogs in animal shelters, adoption groups, pet stores, boarding kennels and veterinary clinics in 19 states.

Dogs can also catch the virus from saliva or mucus on shared toys or food dishes.

There is no evidence that canine influenza can be passed to humans, according to UC Davis researchers.

Since the dog flu virus is just emerging, dogs have no natural immunity to it, researchers say. They add that all dogs exposed will become infected, and roughly 80 percent of infected dogs will develop symptoms of the illness. About 5 to 8 percent of all infected dogs will die, according to UC Davis researchers.

There is currently no vaccine available for canine influenza.
- --
It should be noted that this disease is only fatal to a small percentage of those canines infected. Hopefully, a vaccine will be developed soon. However, it is likely that where numbers of dogs are gathered, such as in animal shelters, we may see numbers of those animals affected by this virus.

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UNDERSTANDING ELBOW DYSPLASIA

By Dr Wendy James, BSc, DVM

Elbow dysplasia (ED) is a potentially crippling disease of dogs leading to the development of irreversible and progressive arthritis in the elbow joint. Even with early surgical intervention many dogs have chronic pain and lameness. For many veterinarians and breeders, elbow dysplasia is disease that is not only difficult to diagnose, but controversial when it comes to deciding on a dog’s suitability for breeding.

The single biggest misunderstanding when it comes to ED is that to be affected a dog must have clinical signs of lameness. Lame dogs are in fact the “tip of the iceberg” with the majority of dogs being asymptomatic carriers, which has caused the disease to spread to very high levels within certain breeds.

The Rottweiler is currently ranked #2 in breeds affected by elbow dysplasia with only 58.5% of dogs receiving a normal score from the Orthopedic Foundation For Animals (OFA). This number may even be lower considering that not all breeding dogs are x-rayed and not all OFA scores are released for statistical use.

1) What is elbow dysplasia?
Elbow dysplasia (ED) is a broad term used to describe Ununited Anconeal Process (UAP), Fragmented Coronoid Process (FCP) and Osteochondrosis of the humeral condyle (OCD). Most Rottweilers with ED have FCP. All three of these conditions are believed to be due to a failure of endochondral ossification, which is the conversion of cartilage to bone during skeletal maturation. The end result is a weakness in the affected area leading to a flap of cartilage (OCD) or fractures of pieces of bone, which are essential to the stability of the elbow joint (UAP, FCP). The piece of bone floating in the joint is like a pebble in a shoe, causing inflammation and pain.

Picture credit: www.vetsurgerycentral.com/elbow_dysplasia.htm

The consequence of ED is the formation of Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD). DJD (arthritis /osteoarthritis) forms in a joint when there is instability in a joint or as a degenerative process with old age. As the cartilage becomes worn the underlying bone is exposed and because the cartilage cannot repair itself osteophytes (spurs) of bone form. Over time if the instability persists more bone is added leading to more arthritis.

Dogs with elbow dysplasia may have severe forelimb lameness or never show any clinical signs. There may be swelling (effusion) in the elbow joint, pain when the elbow is extended and the paw is often held with the foot rotated outwards. In a 1996 study of 55 Rottweilers followed from 3-12 months only 5% of dogs showed signs of lameness but 57% developed radiographic signs of ED by 12 months of age.

2) Diagnosis:
FCP in particular can be very hard to diagnose. Unless a large fragment is visible, it is typically diagnosed by the appearance of secondary DJD, which can take weeks to months to develop. FCP can be seen as early as 7-8 months but may not be diagnosed until the films are sent for OFA evaluation. Sending the films to a Board Certified Radiologist or Surgeon can be helpful to obtain the diagnosis. 3 views of the elbow are recommended to diagnose ED (neutral lateral, hyperflexed lateral, and ventrodorsal). Hyperflexion is used for OFA evaluation because it gives the best view of the anconeal process. 50% of dogs have both joints affected so it is recommended to always x-ray both elbows. In a growing Rottweiler, ED should be one of the top diagnoses to rule out if there is lameness involving one or both front legs that does not resolve with rest.

3) OFA:
The Orthopedic Foundation For Animals scores elbows as normal or dysplastic (DJD I, II, III). Preliminary x-rays can be done at 12 months or 24 months for breeding dogs. A score of DJD I, II or III is based on the millimeters of arthritis found at the anconeal process. Sclerosis (increased bone density) in the area of the coronoid process is also used. Arthritis will not form in young dog with a normal elbow joint therefore an elbow that fails OFA has underlying ED.

4) What is the cause of elbow dysplasia?
Textbooks can be written on this subject and there is no one single cause. Like hip dysplasia ED is multifactorial. Genetics are thought to be of primary importance in high incidence breeds such as the Chow, Rottweiler, German Shepherd (GSD), Bernese Mountain Dog and Retrievers. Conformation, body condition and trauma are other risk factors. Large puppies of high incidence breeds should be kept in lean body condition and not excessively exercised to lessen the risk.   Studies are being done on hereditary pattern and found to vary between breeds and sex.

5) Genetics and Breeding
The International Elbow Working Group (IEWG) was established in 1989 by a group of veterinary radiologists, clinicians and geneticists for the diagnosis, control and screening of elbow dysplasia. Their goal is an open database and to provide guidelines for breed registries on ED.

According to the IEWG the percentage of affected puppies will vary depending of the severity of DJD in the parents. The following numbers are from a study on the incidence of ED in Rottweilers:

Parent 1

OFA Score

Parent 2

OFA Score

Offspring Affected*

Normal

Normal

31%

Normal

Mild ED (DJD I)

43%

Normal

Moderate/Severe ED (DJD II/III)

48%

ED (DJD I/II/III)

ED (DJD I/II/III)

56%

*offspring affected meaning % of puppies with ED

FCP has become a major threat for Berners, Retrievers, Rotties and the GSD because it has spread within the population to a high level through the breeding of carriers that have no clinical signs and are therefore assumed to be unaffected.   This is supported by the percentage of affected puppies in the table above from two seemingly normal parents.

IEWG recommendations for reducing the incidence of elbow dysplasia:

have large numbers of animals participating in screening programs
high quality films evaluated by experts
open database for easy accessibility
ideally only normal dogs used for breeding
dogs with scores of DJDII or III should not be used for breeding

Until a DNA test is available to confirm genetically predisposed dogs the only way to accurately predict the incidence of ED is by evaluating not only the parents but also entire litters. Relying on simply the absence symptoms to determine breedability is inaccurate and will lead to a further increase in ED in the breed. Many breeders have now started requiring OFA hip and elbow radiographs from all puppy buyers to better estimate the dogs affected in their program. The decision to use a DJD I dog should include evaluation of not just the parents’ OFA scores, but more importantly the scores of all littermates. For example: not breeding a DJD I dog whose parents are OFA Normal but 75% of it’s littermates are DJD II, versus breeding a DJD I dog whose parents are OFA Normal, and all its littermates are also OFA Normal. By working together breeders and veterinarians will be able to reduce the incidence of elbow dysplasia in the population by using the same scrutiny that was done in the past with hip dysplasia.

Dr Wendy James is a Rottie enthusiast who was owned by 13 year old Dakota until she passed over the rainbow bridge in November. She started intensively researching elbow dysplasia after her 10-month-old Rottie Arson was diagnosed with bilateral FCP. She currently practices Veterinary Medicine in Calgary and has special interests in dermatology and reproduction.

References:

1) JAVMA 1996 Oct 15;209(8):1427-30 Relationship Between Physical Signs of Elbow Dysplasia and Radiographic Score in growing Rottweilers.

2) WSAVA 2002 Congress Dr Pim Wolvekamp, DVM, PhD, Dipl ECVDI The Many Faces of Elbow Dysplasia.

3)Tufts Canine and Feline Breeding and Genetics Conference, 2005; Examining Elbow Dysplasia

4) Genetic Control of Hereditary Skeletal Diseases; WSAVA 2002 Congress; Dr H.A.W. Hazewinkel DVM, PhD, Dipl ECCS, Dipl ECVCN.

5) Orthopedic Foundation for Animals: www.offa.org/elbowinfo.html

6) International Elbow Working Group: www.iewg-vet.org/about.htm

7) Elbow Dysplasia in Dogs Dr Daniel A Degner, Dipl ACVS www.vetsurgerycentral.com/elbow_dysplasia.htm

8) Dynamic Ulna Osteotomies in Canine Elbow Dysplasia; WSAVA 2002 Congress; Dr Aldo Vezzoni Dipl ECVS

9) Projections of the Canine Elbow; WVC 2004; Dr Craig Long

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Fats and Fatty Acids in the Diet

Canine Nutrition
Fats and Fatty Acids in the Diet
B-Naturals Newsletter
January 2006
By Lew Olson,
PhD Natural Health, LMSW-ACP

For dogs, “fat is where it’s at.” Fat offers energy, warmth and calories for dogs. Fat is essential for dogs. It is important to offer fat sources from animal based foods. In a normal, healthy dog, fat is easier to digest than proteins or carbohydrates. Studies have shown that animal based fats digest at rates of about 95%. Fat is the main source of energy for dogs, and are found to provide the best source of endurance and stamina for working dogs undergoing stress, such as sled dogs. (1)

Fats, or lipids, have a more complex method of absorption than proteins. Since they are fats and not water soluble, they need to be emulsified, or broken down into a medium that can pass through the small intestine. Bile salts from the liver are released from the gall bladder to aid in fat digestion and enhance the fat enzyme, lipase. Bile salts coat the fat, and enable them to break down into smaller particles, called micelles. These break down into two components, monoglyceride and fatty acids. Common symptoms of fat not digesting properly in the dog include large foul smelling stools, diarrhea and dehydration. The stool is often light in color, with mucus and loose consistency. This most often occurs with cooked fats, or fats found in prepared dog foods that can go rancid if packaged too long. Most common physical reasons for poor digestion of fats are liver disease, pancreatitis (inflammation or disease of the pancreas), Cushing’s disease or diabetes. (2) Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency can be another cause, more details about that can be found here: http://www.purina.ca/images/articles/pdf/MediumChainTriglyceridesIn.pdf

Fats are necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. They also provide protection from cold and protect the nerve fibers in the body. They provide more calories per gram than carbohydrates or protein, and improve flavor and palatability of the dog’s food. While many commercial dog food brands offer low fat diet to dogs for weight reduction, this in turn increases appetite in the dog, as fat is needed for energy and helps to satiate the dog’s appetite. Please note that fats do not affect canines like they do us when it comes to cholesterol or heart disease. Dogs as carnivores do not have the propensity for cholesterol clogging the arteries or producing strokes. High cholesterol or triglycerides in dogs can mean very different health considerations, such as hypothyroidism, diabetes or Cushing’s disease. If your dog tests high for cholesterol, always run blood tests to check for these causes.

Lastly, fats provide a source for essential fatty acids. The dogs’ diet must have a good source of fat in order to maintain sufficient levels of fatty acids. Rancid fat or poor quality fat can cause a deficiency of these fatty acids. Deficiencies of essential fatty acids are most commonly seen in poor coat and skin condition, such as pruritis (itching), dermatitis (skin inflammation) and seborrhea. A good source of vitamin E is also recommended for the best absorption of essential fatty acids. (3)

The two essential fatty acids that are most commonly discussed for nutrition are Omega 6 fatty acids, and omega 3 fatty acids. The omega 6 fatty acids are found in animal sources, such as chicken and pork. Smaller amounts are found in beef. Larger amounts are found in plant sources, such as olive, safflower and other plant oils. Omega 3 fatty acids are less common, found in fish oil, flax seed oil and marine sources, such as spirulina and blue green algae. (4)

Since the omega 6 fatty acids are found naturally in the diet (animal fats and plant sources) it is not necessary to add this fat to the dog’s diet. Research is still incomplete on the optimal balance of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids, but currently it is thought to be approximately 5:1 to 10:1. (1) Since most foods already contain high amounts of omega 6 (meat, fat and plant matter) it is important to add good sources of omega 3 daily to your dog’s diet.

The best sources for omega 3 fatty acids are found in fish body oils, such as fish oil or salmon oil. Cod liver oil is quite different, as it is lower in omega 3 and very high in vitamins A and D. Fish oil has a readily available form of omega 3, called EPA and DHA. Plant based oils such as Flax Seed Oil contains ALA, which needs to be converted in the body to be of use. Most dogs are unable to do this conversion which results in high amounts of omega 6 from this source, but not much omega 3. A high omega 6 to omega 3 ratio promotes inflammation, poor coat, allergies and skin conditions.

"While flaxseeds or flaxseed oil is not harmful to pets and does supply some essential omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, flaxseed oil is a source of alphalinoleic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid that is ultimately converted to EPA and DHA. Many animals (probably including dogs) and some people cannot convert ALA to these other more active non-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids, due to a deficiency of desaturase enzymes needed for the conversion. In one human study, flaxseed oil was ineffective in reducing symptoms or raising levels of EPA and DHA. Therefore, I do not recommend flaxseed oil as a fatty acid supplement for pets with atopic
dermatitis (skin problems caused by environmental allergies). Instead, look for fish oil, which provides EPA and DHA." (5)

Other benefits of fatty acids include controlling inflammation, aiding in heart disease, cancer therapy, arthritis and renal disease. In heart disease and cancer, cachexia (muscle wasting) can cause a severity of side effects. Cathexia is caused by excess cytokine production. High doses of fish oil (1,000 mg per ten lbs of body weight) have been found to suppress cytokine, thus increasing life expectancy by maintaining integrity of the heart muscle and reducing loss of muscle mass in some types of cancer.

Because high doses of omega 3 fatty acids are found to reduce inflammation, fish oil is helpful for dogs with arthritis and orthopedic problems. The anti-inflammatory properties have also been found helpful for dermatitis and other skin conditions, as well as for certain gastro-intestinal disorders such as Irritable Bowel Disease and Colitis.

Lastly, omega 3 fatty acids are beneficial for kidney disease. They have been shown to be renal protective, and in certain kidney disorders such as glomerular disease, fish oil helps to reduce inflammation. (4) (6)

In conclusion, some considerations for fat in the diet include:

Always include fresh fat sources in your dog’s diet, including animal fat (whole milk yogurt, canned fish, meat, eggs) and fish or salmon oil capsules.

Don’t reduce fat for weight loss in your dog, but rather lower the amount of food served (see http://b-naturals.com/Nov2004.php3)

A dog’s reaction to fat, such as loose stools or strong odor may simply mean reducing the amount of fat or food served, or it can mean other disease issues, such as Cushing’s disease, pancreatitis, Diabetes, liver disease or malabsorption problems.


Fat is indeed necessary for a dog’s diet and is important for energy, skin and coat, health of the kidneys, heart and to keep inflammation at bay in the joints. Fat is not the enemy of your dog, but in fact a very important and good friend.

(1) Case, Linda P MS, Carey, Daniel PD, DVM and Hirakawa, Diane A, PhD, Canine and Feline Nutrition, Mosby Press, 1995) 245

Simpson, JW SDA BVM Mphil MRCVS, Anderson, RS BVMS Ph.D MRCVS and Markwell, PJ Bsc, BvetMed MRCVS, Clinical Nutrition of the Dog and Cat (Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993) 66-70

Kronfeld, DS Phd DSc MVSc, Home Cooking for the Dog, (American Kennel Club Gazette, April) 1978 60-61

Kendall, Robert V. PhD Therapeutic Nutrition for the Cat, Dog and Horse, (Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine, Mosby Press, 1997) 62

http://home.ivillage.com/pets/dogs/0,,b2jh-p,00.html

http://www.dvmpharmaceuticals.com/pdfs/EssentialFattyAcidsupdate.pdf

Article Provided by B Naturals
Holistic Products for Dogs & Cats

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MINTY SOLUTION TO TICK PROBLEMS?
... received via email

And here's another tip for ridding dogs of ticks, from Lani Miner" I had a tick invasion last year that lasted three weeks. I tore my hair out trying to kill literally thousands of ticks that were crawling everywhere in my kennels, dog room, landscaping, etc. I tried sprays, dips, drops, everything. I went through many bottles of expensive stuff and nothing worked! I had run out of ideas. In desperation I grabbed a bottle of mint mouthwash to disinfect some tick bite sites on one of the dogs and sprayed it on some that were crawling. They died instantly! I sprayed it everywhere in the dogs' crate room and ticks boiled out of the cracks and crevices and instantly DIED! I sprayed it in the kennels and in the wooden dog houses and all the ticks instantly DIED! I sprayed it on the dogs and the ticks literally fell off dead. The stuff works!! It also repels mosquitoes and biting flies!! It's a great crate cleaner, too. I spray it around my ex-pens at shows and it keeps flies and mosquitoes away. So far, every bug I've sprayed with it has died instantly. I'm talking about the cheap MINT mouthwash from the dollar store!!!

Urban Legend... or NO?

Published in the ARK 2nd Quarter 2005

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Why Does My Pet Eat Grass?
by Deena Caruso

Are you concerned when your dog or cat eats grass, then throws up afterwards? You'll probably feel relieved to know that pets eat grass because their bodies need it.

Dogs and cats have been eating grass for a long time. In fact, grass is so popular among dogs that one species, dog grass, is named after them. Dog grass is also known as couch grass and quackweed, and it grows in all but the southern-most states.

You can think of grass as an herbal medicine. It acts as an internal cleanser, expelling excess mucus, bile, and other impurities. It also cleanses the bowels and expels worms. Cereal grasses contain enzymes, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. Grass also contains chlorophyll, which was used for relieving pain, treating infections, ulcers, skin diseases, and anemia prior to the use of antibiotics.

Some pet owners grow grass specifically to give to their pets to prevent or treat diarrhea, anemia, cataracts, fleas, tumors excessive shedding, and other pet health problems. Pets that are fed grass on a regular basis are less likely to crave outdoor grass. So, if you don't feel comfortable with your pet eating the grass in your lawn, you may want to grow your own grass for them to eat.

Try growing rye or barley sprouts. These sprouts are preferred over wheat grass because some animals are sensitive to wheat.

Follow these instructions to grow rye or barley grass. Soak one cup organically grown grain in one quart water for 8 to 10 hours. Then drain the container and leave it on its side in a warm place, away from direct sunlight. A tiny white rootlet will sprout from each grain within 24 to 48 hours. Caution: If you don't see these rootlets, your grain isn't viable and should be thrown away.

Next, spread the sprouting grain on one inch of moist potting soil or top soil in a plastic garden tray. For drainage create a one inch channel around the soil.

For two days, cover the tray. Then uncover it, and water thoroughly. Place the tray in direct sunlight or under grow lights. Keep the soil moist by watering when needed.

When the grass is 6-8" tall, cut it with scissors or a sharp knife. Place grasses in a ziploc bag, along with a damp paper towel. Be sure to expel air from the bag before sealing. Then store the grass in the refrigerator.

When feeding the grass to your pet, cut or mince it into tiny pieces, or place a small amount in a blender or food processor with other foods. To be sure your cat or dog will accept the grass, begin feeding just a fraction of a teaspoon. Increase the amount gradually to approximately one tablespoon per 50 lbs. of body weight.

Once your pet is given the amount of grass his body needs, you probably won't be seeing him eating the grass in your lawn. And you can feel relieved knowing that you're feeding him something that he craves and that his body needs.

Deena Caruso, author, teacher, & distributor of natural pet products Helps pet owners create healthy, happy pets. To receive FREE "Pet Pointers" Newsletter, go to: www.healthyfoodforpets.com

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